Class notes
Psy 252 Module 1 Notes
- Course
- PSY252
- Institution
- Colorado State University - Fort Collins
Module 1 Notes for Psy 252.
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MODULE 1:READING QUESTIONS:
● Review vocabulary
● Describe the precursors to the establishment of the science of psychology.
● Identify key individuals and events in the history of American psychology.
● Describe the rise of professional psychology in America.
● Develop a basic understanding of the processes of scientific development and change.
● Recognize the role of women and people of color in the history of American psychology.
Empiricism:
- The idea that all knowledge comes from experiences — John Locke and Thomas Reid
Neural Impulse:
- Hermann von Helmholtz measured this (speed of neural impulses) and explored the physiology of hearing
and vision
- Senses can decisive us / not mirror of the external world
Psychophysics:
- The relationship between the mental and the material was investigated (Ernst Weber and Gustav Fechner
- Relationship measurement of physical stimuli and human perception that serves as the basis of the new
science of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt:
- Formal development of modern psychology
- Serving as a strong promoter of the idea that psychology could be an experimental field, also by providing
classes, textbooks, and labs
Introspection:
- identify elements of consciousness
- The research was done on mental chronometry ( reaction time )
Wundt’s Work:
- The mind could be measured and the nature of consciousness could be revealed through scientific means
Brought Psy to America:
- Edward Bradford Titchener
- <Structuralism= — interested in the contents of the mind (where the mind is)
William James, G Stanley Hall, and James McKeen Cattell:
- Functionalism — interested in the activities of the mind (what the mind does)
William James:
- Took a different route than Titchener
- Proposed consciousness is ongoing and continuous, cannot be isolated and reduced to elements
- Consciousness helped us adapt to our environment and make choices
G Stanley Hall:
- Founded first psychological lab in America in 1887 — etc
- Interested in the process of adaption and human development
- Questionnaires and surveys
Individual Differences:
- Wundt changed his interest in this
Eugenics
- Promotion of selective breeding
, Gestalt Psychology:
- Began in Germany Max Werthimer and Kurt Koffka and Kurt Lewin
- <The whole is greater than the sum of its parts=
- The mind often processes information simultaneously rather than sequentially
- Nature of learning and thinking
Behaviorism:
- Emerged in the 20th century, John B Watson and BF Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
- Russian psychologist influenced this in America (classical conditioning)
- Learning and behavior were controlled by events in the environment and could be explained with no
reference to the mind or consciousness
Sensation and perception:
- Bruner
Language and Memory: — <Flashbulb Memory=
- Brown
- Tip of the tongue phenomenon
Modern intelligence tests:
- Alfred Binet
- Develop a test that would identify schoolchildren in need of educational support
- Tasks, reasoning, and problem-solving — Henry Goddard — later by Lewis Terman
Scientist-Practioner Model
School-Practioner Model:
- A training model that emphasizes clinical training and practice
Timeline
1600s – Rise of empiricism emphasizing centrality of human observer in acquiring knowledge
1850s - Helmholz measures neural impulse / Psychophysics studied by Weber & Fechner
1859 - Publication of Darwin's Origin of Species
1879 - Wundt opens lab for experimental psychology
1883 - First psychology lab opens in the United States
1887 – First American psychology journal is published: American Journal of Psychology
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