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EXAM 2 Gastrointestinal System Disorders Questions with Verified Answers $10.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

EXAM 2 Gastrointestinal System Disorders Questions with Verified Answers

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  • Course
  • Gastroenterology
  • Institution
  • Gastroenterology

Cleft Lip - Answer-Upper lip is separated into 2 parts Congenital/inherited More in males than females Dental Caries - Answer-Caused by oral bacteria Resistance can be enhanced by fluoride usage (toothpaste) Start with plaque on the surface of tooth, erodes enamel, pulp chamber, sha...

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  • October 8, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Gastroenterology
  • Gastroenterology
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EXAM 2 Gastrointestinal System
Disorders Questions with Verified
Answers
Cleft Lip - Answer-Upper lip is separated into 2 parts

Congenital/inherited

More in males than females

Dental Caries - Answer-Caused by oral bacteria

Resistance can be enhanced by fluoride usage (toothpaste)

Start with plaque on the surface of tooth, erodes enamel, pulp chamber, sharp pain

Gum (gingiva) Disease - Answer-Caused by infection and inflammation
Causing more tooth loss than dental caries

Stomatitis - Answer-Inflammation of mouth

Caused by virus, bacteria, and fungi

Herpesvirus infection (virus)
Candida albicans infection (fungus)

Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores): Oral ulcers (breaks in membrane), may be painful
but can heal spontaneously

Oral Cancer - Answer-Most tumors histologically classified as squamous cell
carcinomas

Often related to tobacco smoking

Morphologically present as:
- Leukoplakia - white plaques on mucosa
- Erythroplakia - red plaques on mucosa
- Ulcer
- Crater
- Nodule

Esophageal Atresia - Answer-Linkage between esophagus and trachea

, Hiatal Hernia - Answer-Displacement of part of stomach from abdominal cavity into
thoracic cavity through diaphragm hiatus

May cause food reflux from stomach to esophagus

Achalasia - Answer-Esophagus spasm

Esophageal Varices - Answer-Bleeding in esophagus

Esophagitis - Answer-Inflammation of esophagus

Carcinoma (esophagus) - Answer-Accounts for 4% of all cancers

Higher incidence in Asia & Africa than in U.S. & Europe

Correlates with alcohol, tobacco abuse

More common in men than women

More common in blacks than whites

Poor prognosis: avg. survival = 2 years

Gastritis - Answer-Acute (erosive)- stress, shock, food, exogenous chemicals, drugs
- Erosions: for surface damage
- Ulcerations: deeper damage
- Usually heals spontaneously

Chronic: chronic mucosa inflammation
- Helicobacter pylori (bacteria) related

Peptic Ulcers - Answer-Erosions of the mucosa of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or
duodenum (duodenal ulcer) by HCL

Helicobacter pylori: bacterium that reduces mucosal barriers to acid

Treatment: antibiotics

Carcinoma (stomach) - Answer-Common; affects 25,000 persons, causes 14,000
deaths yearly in U.S.

8 times more common in Japan, Chile

Incidence has decreased over past 70 years in U.S.

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