NUR 105 Gastro Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Gastroenterology
Institution
Gastroenterology
The main function of the GI system along with the pancreas and liver - Answer-Digestion
Elimination
Secretion
Absorption
Motility
The lumen (inner wall) consists of... - Answer-Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
Increases peristalsis - Answer-parasympathetic
Decreases peristalsis -...
NUR 105 Gastro Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
The main function of the GI system along with the pancreas and liver - Answer-
Digestion
Elimination
Secretion
Absorption
Motility
Food must be broken down into this liquid in order for absorption to take place -
Answer-Chyme
Mechanical and chemical process in which complex foods are broken down into simpler
forms - Answer-Digestion
Carried out as the nutrients produced by digestion move from the lumen into circulatory
system - Answer-Absorption
extends from pharynx to stomach - Answer-esophagus
Moves food and fluids from pharynx to stomach and is a muscular canal - Answer-
esophagus
What is the purpose of the sphincter? - Answer-To prevent reflux of gastric contents into
esophagus
Responsible for gastric motility - Answer-Smooth stomach cells
Secretes hydrochloric acid
Produce intrinsic factor- substance that aids in absorption of Vitamin B - Answer-
Parietal cells
Absence of parietal cells cause... - Answer-Pernicious anemia
,Functions as a food reservoir where the digestive process begins - Answer-Stomach
Alpha cells produce - Answer-glucagon
Beta cells produce - Answer-insulin
Gland that lies behind stomach
Functions as endocrine and exocrine gland
Contains islets of Langerhans cells - Answer-Pancreas
Exocrine pancreas - Answer-Aids in digestion
Endocrine pancreas - Answer-Produces insulin
Essential in regulation of metabolism - Answer-Alpha and beta cells
Largest organ in body - Answer-Liver
Functions in storage, protection and metabolism of proteins, breaks down amino acids
to remove ammonia
Secretes bile-essential for breakdown of fat - Answer-Liver
Underneath the liver
Collects, concentrates and stores bile - Answer-Gallbladder
Longest and most convoluted portion of digestive tract
What are the parts of it?
Functions: movement, digestion and absorption - Answer-Small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Consists of ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
___ empties into rectum
Functions: movement, absorption and elimination - Answer-Large intestine
Sigmoid
In the oral cavity, what is some history r/t nutrition in aging? - Answer-Dentures
Dysphagia
Smoking hx
In GI system, what history r/t aging is necessary to know? - Answer-Change in weight
Appetite
Hx of abd. surgery
Regular BM- laxative use, NSAIDs, herbal use
In liver system, what history r/t aging is important? - Answer-Assess for drug toxicity
,How does drug toxicity occur in the elderly? - Answer-Decrease in cells = decrease
enzyme activity = decrease drug metabolism = increase drug toxicitiy
What economic concerns associated with aging in the GI system? - Answer-Can they
acquire food?
Assessment techniques for GI history - Answer-Family hx
Personal hx
Changing in eating/weight
Nutrition history- changes in weight
anorexia
dyspepsia- heartburn
nausea
caffeine use
How to assess current health problems? - Answer-OLD CARTS- onset, location,
duration, quality, quantity, timing, aggravating factors
Often 1st sign of GI issues - Answer-Changes in bowel habits
Specific GI problems - Answer-Changes in bowel habits
unintentional weight gain or loss
smoking or other tobacco products
Changes in skin color- assess for jaundice and pallor
Skin changes r/t GI disorders - Answer-Discoloration
Rashes
Itching
Jaundice
Pallor
Increased susceptibility to bruising
Increased tendency to bleed
Mouth and pharynx assessment - Answer-Inspect and palpate including lymph nodes
looking for mass and tenderness
Abdomen and extremities assessment - Answer-Inspection for symmetry and distention
and auscultation listening to borborygmic bowel sounds- hyperactive
Percussion and palpation
Laboratory tests for GI - Answer-H/H
Clotting factors- PTT
Electrolytes
Assays of liver enzymes- lipase and amylase-liver and pancreas disease
Ammonia- elevated in liver disease
Bilirubin
What does a fecal occult blood test for? - Answer-Ova parasites
C. Diff
Check function of stomach, esophagus, and small bowel - Answer-Radiographic exam-
upper GI series- UGI or Barium Swallow
Before/After GI series and small bowel series test - Answer-Before:
Maintain NPO for 8 hours
Withhold analgesics and anticholinergics for 24 hours
Client drinks 16 oz. of barium
After:
Drink Plenty of fluids
Administer mild laxative/stool softener
Educate stools will be chalky white 24-72 hrs following
Enhances radiographic visualization of the large intestine
-identifies polyps, tumors, obstructions or lesions of the colon
Education for patient after/before - Answer-Barium enema
-Only clear liquids given 12-24 hours before test
NPO night before
Bowel cleansing
After-
Expel Barium
Drink plenty of fluids
Stool chalky white
Uses dye with percutaneous needle often done with jaundice or persistent upper abd.
pain
X-ray study of the biliary duct system
Before/After? - Answer-Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Before:
Laxative
NPO 12 hours prior
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