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BBH 440 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
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BBH 440 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS...
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BBH 440 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERSIncubation Period (infectious diseases)- - ANSWER the time interval between the
invasion of the infectious agent and the first appearance of a symptom or sign of the
disease
Induction Period (Chronic non-infectious diseases)- - ANSWER The period of time
necessary for a causal factor to produce a disease. The interval from the causal action
of the factor to the initiation of the disease.
Epidemic Curve: -ANSWER- a graph of the number of cases of illness by date of onset
-provides information about characteristics of an outbreak
What information is provided by epidemic curves? -ANSWER-pattern of spread
-magnitude
-time trend
-exposure & disease incubation period
Pattern of Spread: -ANSWER the overall shape of the epidemic curve can provide
information on the type of outbreak
-common source (point, intermittent, continuous)
-propagated
Epi curve & incubation for COMMON POINT SOURCE: - ANSWER -sharp upward slope
and gradual downward slope
-all cases occur within 1 incubation period
Common point source epidemic curve: - ANSWER
,Common intermittent source epidemic curve: - ANSWER irregular peaks
Common continuous source epidemic curve: - ANSWER -duration of exposure relatively
long
-cause cases to rise gradually & then plateu
-keep increasing until exposure removed
Propagated epidemic curve: - ANSWER -series of progressively taller peaks
-dramatic spike between spaces
Magnitude of outbreak: - ANSWER -epi curves can give an idea about the magnitude of
the outbreak
-can be useful comparing different curves from different times/ locations
-can split sample into subgroups
Example of outbreak magnitude in epi curve: - ANSWER -this year's flu season
-able to compare curves from previous years to understand the magnitude of this years
flu outbreak
Outbreak time trend: ANSWER epidemic curves give the time or temporal pattern of the
outbreak
-date of illness onset for first case
-date of illness onset for last case
-date when the outbreak peaked
Period of exposure/ incubation period for outbreak: ANSWER -epi-curves can be used to
estimate incubation period of the disease if the time of exposure was known
Time between exposure and peak of epi curve represents hypothesized average
, incubation period
For common point source outbreaks with known incubation period: ANSWER probable
date of exposure and probable period of exposure can be determined
Incubation period of infectious diseases are used for: ANSWER determining probable
date of common exposure for common (point) source epidemic Ex: Hepatitis A
How do you calculate the probable date of the common exposure? - - ANSWER -use the
average incubation period and count back from peak occurrence
Period of exposure: - ANSWER - range of dates for the probable period of exposure
-count back 15 days from the first case and 50 days from the last case
why is it important to know probable date of exposure for a common-source epidemic? -
ANSWER -the epidemiologist can interview cases to determine what they might have
been doing in common on or around probable date of exposure. Further investigation
can pinpoint the common source.
Primary Case: - ANSWER the 1st disease case in the population
index case: - ANSWER 1st disease case known to epidemiologists or other health official
(may not be primary case)
secondary case: - ANSWER anyone who becomes infected and ill after a disease has
been introduced to the population
suspect case: - ANSWER individual who has signs of the disease but is NOT diagnosed
"ACUTE" disease- - ANSWER -relatively severe disorder with sudden onset and short
duration of symptoms
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