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CRLS Final Question and answers rated A+ 2024/2025 CRLS Final (1-8) ________ refers to the philosophical concept that relates to idea of the greatest good the greatest number. a. Actus reus b. Utilitarianism c. Social contract d. Mens rea - correct answer Utilitarianism One of the mos...

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  • October 8, 2024
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CRLS Final (1-8)
________ refers to the philosophical concept that relates to idea of the
greatest good the greatest number.
a. Actus reus
b. Utilitarianism
c. Social contract
d. Mens rea - correct answer ✔Utilitarianism


One of the most common supernatural beliefs of primitive cultures way that
the ______ was a trigger for criminal activity.
a. The sun
b. The stars
c. The ocean
d. The moon - correct answer ✔the moon


General deterrence focuses primarily on _____.
a. The victims
b. Potential victims
c. The criminal
d. Potential criminals - correct answer ✔potential criminals


Which of the following were used by primitive cultures to deal with criminal
behavior?
a. Exorcism
b. Exile
c. Rehabilitation

,d. Incarceration - correct answer ✔exorcism


Which of the following were identified by Beccaria as vital deterrent
characteristics of punishment?
a. Celerity
b. Certainty
c. Severity
d. All of these - correct answer ✔all of these


Programs such as Scared Straight were based heavily on the ________
framework.
a. Retribution
b. Incapacitation
c. Rehabilitation
d. Deterrence - correct answer ✔deterrence


Most deterrence efforts and reductions of crime are more highly influenced by
informal elements, such as _______.
a. The law enforcement officers
b. Families and communities
c. Legislators and elected officials
d. Laws, both criminal and civil - correct answer ✔families and communities


The period in the late 17th and 18th century in which philosophers and
scholars began to emphasize the rights of individuals in society is referred to
as ______.
a. The Age of Discovery
b. The Dark Ages

,c. The Age of Enlightenment
d. The Renaissance - correct answer ✔the Age of Enlightenment


Which of the following stipulates an unspecified arrangement among citizens
in which they promise the state or government not to commit offenses against
other citizens and in turn gain protection from being violated by other crimes?
a. Utilitarianism
b. Social contract
c. Deterrence
d. Rationality - correct answer ✔social contract


Which of the following ideas is not shared by the classical and neoclassical
schools of thought?
a. The idea of the social contract
b. Aggravating and mitigating circumstances
c. Due-process rights
d. Rational beings deterred by certainty, swiftness, and severity - correct
answer ✔aggravating and mitigating circumstances


_______refers to whether the offender actually engaged in a given act.
a. Social contract
b. Mens rea
c. Brutalization effect
d. Actus reus - correct answer ✔actus reus


Which of the following proposes that individuals will make rational decisions
regarding their behavior?
a. Social control

, b. Utilitarianism
c. Deterrence theory
d. Brutalization - correct answer ✔deterrence theory


One of Jeremy Bentham's most important contributions was the concept of
_______.
a. Hedonistic calculus
b. Social contract
c. Deterrence
d. Utilitarianism - correct answer ✔hedonistic calculus


The concept regarding whether offenders actually knew what they were doing
and meant to do it is known as _______.
a. Actus reus
b. Social contract
c. Utilitarianism
d. Mens rea - correct answer ✔mens rea


The _______ school of criminology assumes that aggravating and mitigating
circumstances should be taken into account for purposes of sentencing and
punishing an offender.
a. Positive
b. Neo-classical
c. Classical
d. Pre-classical - correct answer ✔Neo-classical


The central nervous system (CNS) is primarily responsible for _______.

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