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, Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the Mechani
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sms of Disease 4th Edition Braun Test Bank
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Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology
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1. The nucleus
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A) is the site of protein synthesis
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B) contains the genetic code 0 0 0
C) transforms cellular energy 0 0
D) initiates aerobic metabolism 0 0
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power p
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lants of the cell because they:
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A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. 0 0 0 0
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
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C) extract energy from organic compounds.
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D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
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3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bi
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layer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
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B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. 0 0 0
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
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D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
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4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-
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cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
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A) displace surface receptor proteins. 0 0 0
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. 0 0 0 0
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
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D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
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5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
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,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
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B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
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C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
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D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
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6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
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into the
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0extracellular fluid. 0
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
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B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
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C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
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D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
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7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
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A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
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B) millivoltage of electrical potential. 0 0 0
C) polarization of charged particles. 0 0 0
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
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8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the nu
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mber of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and
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type of epithelial tissue?
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A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not e
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xtend to surface 0 0
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
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membrane
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
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connective tissue 0
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on b
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asement membrane 0
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
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A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
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B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
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, C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
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D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
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10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also k
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nown as involuntary muscle) differs by:
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A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
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B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
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C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
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D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
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11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ri
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bosomal RNA (rRNA)? 0 0
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
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C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
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D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis0 0 0 0
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-
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out cell parts are performed by which of the following organelles?
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A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus 0
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 0 0
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
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A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis. 0 0 0 0
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
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C) insufficient energy production within a cell. 0 0 0 0 0
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. 0 0 0 0 0 0
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility testi
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ng. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility, a find
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ing that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
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