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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1Questions and Answers
Homeostasis ii- iiAnswers ii-Body's iiability iito iimaintain iidynamic iisteady iistate iiof iiinternal
iibalance
Hyperplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Increased iinumber iiof iicells
Hypertrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Increased iisize iiof iicell
Atrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Reduced iisize iiof iicell
Metaplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Replacement iiof iione iicell iitype iiwith iianother iithat iican iibetter
iiendure iistress iibut iinot iias iieffective iias iioriginal iitissue. iii.e. iiscar iitissue, iicallous
Dysplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Abnormal iicell iigrowth iiresults iiin iiabnormal iisize iishape iior
iiappearance, iiprecedes iicancerous iichanges
Free iiradical iiinjury
Hypoxic iicell iiinjury
Impaired iicalcium iifunction ii- iiAnswers ii-Three iimechanisms iiof iicellular iiinjury
Free iiRadical iiInjury ii- iiAnswers ii-Highly iireactive iichemical iimolecules iiwith iian
iiunpaired iielectron iiin iitheir iiouter iiorbit iithat iipulls iielectrons iioff iiof iihealthy iicell
iimolecules ii> iicell iidamage; iicancers; iiother iidisease iistates iiresult.
Hypoxic iiCell iiInjury ii- iiAnswers ii-cellular iioxygen iideprivation. iiBrain/Heart/Kidneys iiare
iihigh iiconsumers iiof iiO2. iiCaused iiby iilack iiof iiO2 iior iiimpaired iiblood iiflow iito iithe iitissue
ii> iiinflammatory iiresponse
Impaired iiCalcium iiFunction
causing iiinappropriate iiactivation iiof iicellular iienzymes ii- iiAnswers ii-Ca++ iiis iian
iiimportant iisignalling iiion iifor iimany iicell iiresponses. iiIf iithe iicell iiis iiinjured, iicalcium
iibuilds iiup iiinside iithe iicell iiand iimany iicell iistructures iiare iidamaged. ii- iicausing?
,Reversible iicell iiinjury ii- iiAnswers ii-Causes iiimpaired iicell iifunction iibut iiNOT iiDEATH.
iiBody iican iirepair iiitself iiand iireturn iito iinormal iihomeostasis iiif iithe iiinjury iiis iireversed iiin
iitime iibefore iicell iideath iiresults
Water
Lipids
Calcium ii- iiAnswers ii-Three iitypes iiof iireversible iicell iiinjury
Water ii- iiAnswers ii-abnormal iiamounts iiof?
Sodium iibuilds iiup iiin iicell iidue iito iithe iibreakdown iiof iithe iisodium ii[Na+] ii- iipotassium
ii[K+] iipump. iiConsequently, iisodium iicollects iiinside iithe iicell iiand iiattracts iiwater ii>
iiintracellular iiswelling. iiUsually iidue iito iihypoxic iiinjury.
Lipids ii- iiAnswers ii-Abnormal iiamounts iiof?
collects iiin iicells iileading iito iiimpairment iiof iicell iifunctions. ii"Fatty iiliver" iiis iioften iithe
iiresult. iiFatty iichanges iiare iia iimore iiominous iisign iiof iicell iiinjury iithan iiswelling, iibut
iican iibe iireversed iiwith iidietary iichanges.
Calcium ii- iiAnswers ii-Abnormal iiamounts iiof?
builds iiup iiin iicell iidue iito iibreakdown iiof iithe iiCalcium ii[Ca++] ii- iiMagnesium ii[Mg++]
iipump. iiConsequently, iicalcium iicollects iiinside iithe iicell iiand iicauses iiinappropriate
iiactivation iiof iicellular iienzymes ii> iidamages iicell iiinternally.
Apoptosis ii- iiAnswers ii-Controlled iicell iideath iiby iiimplosion. iiMembrane iimaintains
iiintegrity, iicell iicontents iinot iireleased iiinto iiextracellular iispace, iino iiinflammatory
iiresponse.
8-10 iidays ii- iiAnswers ii-How iilong iido iiWBCs iilive?
3 iimonths ii- iiAnswers ii-How iilong iido iiRBCs iilive?
Necrosis ii- iiAnswers ii-Uncontrolled iicell iideath. iiMembrane iilooses iiintegrity, iicell
iicontents iireleased iiinto iiextracellular iiand iiinflammatory iiresponse.
Telomeres ii- iiAnswers ii-Outermost iitails iiof iichromosomes iithat iiare iishortened iieach
iireplication. iiWhen iitoo iishort iicell iidies
elasticity ii- iiAnswers ii-Example iiof iicellular iiaging
Decrease iiin ii______________________ iiof iiblood iivessels ii> iiatherosclerosis iiand
iihigh iiblood iipressure
Bowel ii- iiAnswers ii-Example iiof iicellular iiaging
,Loss iiof ii___________ iimotility iidue iito iiaging iior iimedications ii> iiChronic iiconstipation
Muscle iimass ii- iiAnswers ii-Example iiof iicellular iiaging
Loss iiof ii_____________ ii____________ iidue iito iiaging, iimalnutrition, iieating iidisorders,
iietc. ii> iimuscle iiweakness, iiproblems iiwith iibalance
subcutaneous iifat ii- iiAnswers ii-Loss iiof ii__________________ ii________ iidue iito
iiaging iior iiextreme iidieting, iicancer, iimalnutrition, iietc. ii> iiproblems iiregulating
iitemperature, iiand iiskin iibreakdown iiover iibony iiareas iiespecially iiif iibed-bound
inflammation ii- iiAnswers ii-Response iito iiinjury,toxin, iistress, iitrauma. iiNeeded iifor iitissue
iirepair. iiOverall iihealthy iiunless iichronic. ii-
Bone iiMarrow ii- iiblood iicomponents
Thymus iigland ii- iiT-cells iifrom iilymphocytes
Lymph iinodes, iitonsils iiand iispleen ii- iiAnswers ii-Organs iiof iithe iiimmune iisystem
Thymus iiGland ii- iiAnswers ii-Where iiare iiT-Cells iiproduced iifrom iilymphoytes
Inflammation ii- iiAnswers ii-Cells iiof ii___________________
Endothelial iicells
Platelets
Leukocytes
Endothelial iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Line iiblood iivessels, iireleases iiproducts iithat
iivasodilate/vasoconstrict. iiCause iiblood iithinning, iiallow iientrance iiand iiexit iisites iiof
iiblood iivessels, iicontrol iiinflammatory iimediators
Platelets ii- iiAnswers ii-Thrombocytes- iiresponsible iifor iiblood iicoagulation/clotting.
iiRelease iiover ii300 iipotent iiinflammatory iimediators.
Leukocytes ii- iiAnswers ii-White iiblood iicells, iimajor iicellular iicomponent iiof iiinflammatory
iiresponse. iiClassified iias iigranulocytes iior iiagranulocytes
Leukocytosis ii- iiAnswers ii-Higher iithen iinormal iiproduction iiof iiWBCs.
Swelling
Heat
Altered iifunction
Redness
Pain ii- iiAnswers ii-S.H.A.R.P
Granulocytes iiand iiAgranulocytes ii- iiAnswers ii-Two iitypes iiof iiLeukocytes
, Neutrophils, iiEosinophils, iiand iiBasophils ii- iiAnswers ii-Three iiGranulocytes
Neutrophils
"New"trophils iiarrives iifirst iifor iia ii"new" iiinfection ii- iiAnswers ii-Granulocyte iiaccounts iifor
ii60% iiof iiWBC, iiincreased iiACUTE iibacterial iiinfection iiand iifirst iiresponder
Eosinophils ii- iiAnswers ii-Granulocyte iielevated iiin iiallergic iireaction ii& iiparasite
iiinfections
Basophil ii- iiAnswers ii-Granulocyte iielevated iiin iiallergic iireaction
Lymphocytes iiand iiMonocytes ii- iiAnswers ii-Two iitypes iiof iiAgranulocytes
Lymphocytes ii- iiAnswers ii-Agranulocyte iiaccounting iifor ii30% iiof iiWBC, iiB ii& iiT iicells,
iiincreased iiin iiVIRAL iiand iiCHRONIC iiinfection
Monocytes ii- iiAnswers ii-Agranulocyte iicirculating iiin iithe iibloodstream, iimigrates iiinto
iitissue iito iibecome iimacrophages
T iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-"Timely" iiresponse iibefore iib-cells. iiProduced iifrom iilymphocytes iiin
iithe iithymus iigland. iiConsist iiof: ii
-memory
-helper
-killer
-suppressor
-natural iikiller iicells.
Memory iiT iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Remain iiin iilymph iinodes iifor iimany iiyears iiafter iiinfection
iiso iiif iisame iipathogen iienters iirapid iiimmune iiresponse iican iihappen.
Helper iit iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Activate/regulate iiT&B iicells
Killer iit iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Attack iivirus iiinfected iicells iiand iitumor iicells. iiIngests
iiANTIGENS iivia iiphagocytosis.
Natural iikiller iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Attack iiabnormal iicells iisuch iias iicancer iicells. iiThese
iiare iilymphoid iicells iithat iican iidestroy iicancer iicells ii(have iidifferent iicell iisurface
iimarkers iithan iikiller iiT iiCells).
Suppressor iit iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Returns iithe iifunctioning iiof iithe iiimmune iisystem iiback
iito iinormal iiafter iiinfection. iiPrevents iiautoimmunity.
B iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Back iiup iiresponse iiand iimakes iiantibodies. iiSlower iiresponse iitime
iithe iit-cells. iiHumoral iiimmune iiresponse. iiProduced iiby iilymphocytes iiin iiBone iimarrow.
iiReleases iiantiBodies iithat iiactivate iit-cells. iiTakes iitime iito iimake iiantibodies.
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