ATSC 110 Meteorology Actual Exam Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ (Newest Version)
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ATSC 110 Meteorology
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ATSC 110 Meteorology
ATSC 110 Meteorology Actual Exam Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ (Newest Version)
Name and define the three 'Heat Transfer' mechanisms. - Answer- Conduction → The transfer of heat form molecule to molecule within a substance, hot to cold.
Convection �...
ATSC 110 Meteorology Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ (Newest Version)
Name and define the three 'Heat Transfer' mechanisms. - Answer- Conduction → The
transfer of heat form molecule to molecule within a substance, hot to cold.
Convection → The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid (water & air)
- convection is vertical movement
- advection is horizontal movement
Radiation → Energy received from the sun and all things whose temperature is above
absolute zero.
Convection is the transfer of heat by the upward and downward motion of a fluid or gas.
Therefore air in the troposphere is rising and descending. How does the temperature of
a parcel of air change when it is rising and falling? - Answer- A rising parcel of air will
expand as it moves into an environment of lower atmospheric pressure values and
therefore cool. A sinking or subsiding air parcel will compress while moving into an
environment of higher atmospheric pressure values and therefore warm.
How does the temperature of an object influence the radiation that it emits? - Answer-
According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law(E = σT4); as the temperature of an object
increases, more total radiation is emitted each second. Consequently, a small increase
in temperature results in a large increase in the amount of radiation emitted because
doubling the temperature of an object increases the maximum energy output by a factor
of 16 (24).
How does the amount of radiation emitted by the sun differ from that emitted by the
earth when comparing the same time frame and area? - Answer- Using the Stefan -
Boltzmann law, with the sun's surface temperature at 6000 K and the earth's average
surface temperature at 288 K, one can calculate that the sun emits nearly 160,000
times more energy during a given time period over the same size area.
How do the wavelengths of maximum radiation emitted by the sun differ from the
wavelengths of maximum radiation emitted by the surface of the earth? - Answer-
According to Wien's law,
(λmax= constant / T )
, When using a temperature of 6000 K for the sun's surface, the maximum wavelength at
which maximum radiation is emitted from the sun occurs at .48 μm. The earth's
maximum wavelength is 10.06 μm when using the earth's average surface temperature
of 288 K.
.48 μm fits into the visible light or shortwave category
10.06 μm fits into the infrared or longwave category
Which wavelength carries the most energy - infrared, visible, or ultraviolet? - Answer-
Longer waves carry less energy than shorter waves, therefore, we must determine
which one has the shortest wavelength.
Infrared - greater than .70 μm
Visible - between .40 and .70 μm
Ultraviolet - less than .40 μm
Therefore, ultraviolet wavelengths carry the most energy out of the three types of
radiation mentioned here.
If the earth's surface continually radiates infrared or longwave radiation, why doesn't it
become colder and colder? - Answer- The earth's surface does not become colder and
colder because objects not only radiate energy but they absorb it as well. If an object
radiates more energy than it absorbs, it gets colder; if it absorbs more energy than it
emits, it gets warmer.
The earth's radiative equilibrium temperature is 0ËšF but the earth's average surface
temperature is 59ËšF, why the difference? - Answer- The earth's radiative equilibrium
temperature (0ËšF) only takes into account the earth's surface which acts like a
blackbody. The earth's average surface temperature (59ËšF) is higher because it includes
the absorption and emitting properties of infrared (longwave) radiation by the earth's
atmosphere which does not behave like a blackbody.
Why is the atmosphere not considered a blackbody? - Answer- Unlike the earth, the
atmosphere absorbs some wavelengths of radiation and is transparent to others.
Objects that selectively absorb and emit radiation, such as carbon dioxide and water
vapor in our atmosphere, are known as selective absorbers. Remember: A blackbody is
any object that is a perfect absorber and a perfect emitter of radiation, at its given
temperature.
Explain how the earth's atmospheric 'Greenhouse Effect' works? - Answer- The
'Greenhouse Effect' works because atmospheric gases such as water vapor and carbon
dioxide are good absorbers of infrared (longwave) radiation but poor absorbers of
visible (shortwave) radiation. This allows visible (shortwave) radiation to reach the
earth's surface. The earth's surface will then re-radiate this energy as infrared
(longwave) radiation. The re-radiated infrared (longwave) radiation can now be
absorbed by the various greenhouse gases (water vapor and carbon dioxide) which
results in an increase in the earth's temperature.
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