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RNSG 1538 – REPRODUCTION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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RNSG 1538 – REPRODUCTION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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RNSG 1538 – REPRODUCTION EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Elements needed for conception - Answer--normal ovulation
-production of good sperm
-normal transport
-cleaving of embryo to endometrium
Define infertility (primary and secondary types) - Answer-Primary - The inability to
conceive a child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception.
Secondary - inability to conceive after a previous pregnancy
Risk factors for infertility (female) - Answer--overweight/underweight
-hormonal imbalance leading to irregular ovulation
-uterine fibroids
-tubal blockage
-cervical stenosis
-poor oocyte quality
-chromosomal abnormalities
-immune system disorders
-chronic illness (diabetes, thyroid disease, asthma)
-Sexually transmitted disease
-ectopic pregnancy
-age older than 27
-endometriosis
-Turner Syndrome
-eating disorder
-history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-smoking and alcohol consumption
-multiple miscarriages
-menstrual abnormalities
-exposure to chemotherapeutic agents
-psychological stress
Risk factors for infertility (male) - Answer--exposure to toxins (mercury, x-rays, lead,
chemotherapy)
-cigarette and marijuana smoke
-heavy alcohol consumption
-prescription drugs for ulcers or psoriasis
-exposure of genitals to high temp (sauna's, hot tub)
-hernia repair
-obesity is associated with decreased sperm quality
-Cushing syndrome
, -frequent long distance cycling or running
-STIs
-undescended testes
-mumps after puberty
Assessment for infertility (male) - Answer--semen analysis (normal is >20 million per mL
with >50% motility,
-assessment of sexual characteristics (internal and external)
-digital prostate exam
Assessment for infertility (female) - Answer--ovulation predictor kits
-urinary LH level (luteinizing hormone)
-clomiphene citrate challenge test (provides additional assessment of ovarian reserve. It
is performed by measuring the day 3 FSH and estradiol levels. You take 100 mg of
Clomid on cycle days 5-9, and your FSH is measured again on day 10)
-assessment of pelvic organs
-PAP smear to rule out cervical cancer
-cervical culture to rule out STIs
-ultrasound to assess pelvic structures
-hysterosalpingography to visualize defects in uterus and tubes
-laparoscopy to visualize pelvic structures and to diagnose endometriosis
Treatment/management options for infertility - Answer--lifestyle changes (weight
loss/gain, smoking or alcohol cessation)
-clomid (oral)
-Pergonal (injection)
The therapeutic affect of clomid and pergonal are the same - estrogen is blocked, which
causes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to release GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing
hormone), FSH and LH; which in turn stimulates the ovary to produce ova
-In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
-Gamete Intra-fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
-if reproductive organ anomaly - surgery
-sperm or egg donation
-gestational carrier or surrogate
**Types of contraception - Answer-Behavioral
Barrier
Hormonal
Permanent
**Behavioral contraception - Answer--complete abstinence
-the rhythm method
-withdrawal
**Barrier contraception - Answer-prevention of a pregnancy using a device to prevent
sperm from meeting the ovum.
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