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FSC100 Midterm Study Guide – Well Detailed Guide
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FSC100 Midterm Study Guide – Well Detailed Guide
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FSC100 Midterm Study Guide – Well Detailed GuideWeek 1
Police - describes the body enforcing the law and maintaining order
constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law,
protect property, and limit civil disorder
legitimized use of force often with a defined legal or territorial area of
responsibility
act on behalf of the government for the people
Modern Police Forces - 1st created by government of King Louis XIV in 1667
in Paris through the Royal Edict
City of Glasglow Police (1800)
Surete Police (1810)
Metropolitan in London (1829)
Royal Irish Constabulary (1822)
- 1st time forces were charged with a preventative role in policing
Metropolitan Police in London were a - template for North American Police
Forces
Sir Robert Peel - great contribution to modern policing
introduced the constabulary act in 1822: led to the Constabulary of Ireland
being formed
Metropolitan Police Act 1829: structured organizations and created first
disciplined police force for greater london
created position of police constables
"The police are the public and the public are the police"
,Policing in North America - began as volunteers and then need for
permanent force was recognized later on
1st police force established in TORONTO in 1834:
- 9000 people
- developed into a paid "policeman" position with formal training
- constables (originally hired as needed)
- 1st job was to keep the streets clean
Northwest Mounted Police - established in 1873
after the 1867 confederation that declared police forces were established for
rural areas in eastern canada
act as a local police service for remote areas without designated police service
- prairie, BC, atlantic
Who uses provincial police services? - Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario
In 2015 - 176 Municipal Police services serving 64% of population
provincial police serving 14%
RCMP serving 22%
OPP - rural and urban policing
6200 officers
3100 Civilians
800 axillary officers
Standards of Policing - in ontario we have a police service act and
regulations as the adequacy and effectiveness of police services
Make recommendations for local policies, procedures, and programs
,promotes professional policing
Responsibilities:
- prevent crime
- enforce our laws
- help victims
- keep public order
municipalities must also provide the police services with the support systems,
buildings, equipment
two contradictory philosophies about the criminal mind - 1. Atavism:
criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological deviance
2. Positivism: crime was the product of social causes
Recidivism - repeating crimes
Cesare Lombroso (1839-1909) - atavist and psychiatrist
father of modern criminology
measured heads, arms, legs of prisoners - wrote criminal man
determined/believed identification between physical characteristics and
crime
Alexandre Lacassagne (1843-1942) - Positivist and professor of legal
medicine
Father of forensic medicine
linked biographies of criminals and geography of crime rates with charts and
maps of crime stats
believed social environment influenced behaviour of criminals
created area of study known as "legal medicine"
, researched and observed high profile case of one of the most notorious serial
killers in France, Joseph Vacher
Edmond Locard (1877-1966) - Father of Forensic Science
"Dust Guy"
assistant to Lacassagne in France and physician
interested in dust aka trace evidence
"every contact leaves a trace"
developed methodology for examining cause of death and any associated
physical evidence
created first crime laboratory in empty attic rooms above law court
Locard's Exchange Principal - when any two objects come into contact there
is always a transference of material from one object to the other
Hans Gross (1847-1915) - "Science in Service of the Law"
Austrian professor of criminal law
detailed the need for legal investiagators, lawyers, and jurists to understand
the scientific study of crime
- "Criminalistics": involved with or conducting scientific studies to help solve
crime
integrating criminalsitics into the justice system was the only way of ridding
the legal system of bias and misunderstanding
Criminology - the scientific study and evaluation of physical evidence in the
commission of crimes
the science dealing with the detention of crime and the apprehension of
criminals
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