How do hagfish differ from lampreys? (hint: nostril) - Answer✔✔-Hagfish have a
single nostril connected to the esophagus and ventilate using a muscular velum - moves
to propel water unidirectionally through the mouth, down the pharynx, and into the
bilateral atria that exits the body through the atriopore opening
Lampreys have a single nostril that's not connected to the gut and have a row of gill
pouches (7 per side) that each have an external opening. Can be unidirectional when
the fish is swimming and tidal when attached to a surface (rock/host).
What is ram ventilation and which group of animals uses this? What is their anatomy
like? - Answer✔✔-Continuous swimming sharks use ram ventilation, which means
that they move water over their gills by swimming and "ramming" the water into their
mouths and over their gills.
Sharks and rays have gill septa and unidirectional flow
Is ram ventilation attainable for sedentary species of sharks and rays? - Answer✔✔-
For sharks, sedentary skates, and rays that have to go at rest they use tidal ventilation
through spiracles, because unidirectional respiration requires continuous moving
How is the anatomy of the teleost gill suited for maximizing extraction of dissolved
oxygen from the water column? List two structural features of this organ that increase its
surface area. - Answer✔✔-Gill arches of teleosts are under the operculum cover and
have no gill septa, as each column of free filament is called the hemibranch. Spiracles
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