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IB ESS Topic 8 - Human systems & resource use questions n answers
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IB ESS Topic 8 - Human systems & resource use questions n answers
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IB ESS Topic 8 - Human systems &resource use
Carrying Capacity - correct answer ✔✔Carrying Capacity is the largest number of individuals in a
population that the resources in the environment can support for an extended period of time.
Demographer - correct answer ✔✔Demographer are professionals who study the characteristics (e.g.
composition, distribution, trends) of human populations.
Population Momentum - correct answer ✔✔Population momentum is the tendency for population
growth to continue beyond the time when replacement-level fertility has been reached, because of a
relatively high concentration of people in their childbearing years. This situation is due to past high
fertility rates which result in a large number of young people.
Exponential - correct answer ✔✔Growth of a population is exponential when the rate of growth is
proportional to the number of individual.
Population Pressure - correct answer ✔✔Population pressure occurs when population per unit area
exceeds the carrying capacity.
Neo-Mathusians - correct answer ✔✔Neo-Mathusians believe that an expanding population will put
unsustainable pressure on food and other resources.
Anti-Mathusians - correct answer ✔✔Anti-Mathusians, or resource optimists, believe that human will
continue to overcome problem of limited resources.
Crude Birth Rate - correct answer ✔✔The crude birth rate is the number of live births in a country or
region per thousand population in a year.
Crude Death Rate - correct answer ✔✔The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a country or
region per thousand population in a year.
, Rate of Natural Change - correct answer ✔✔The rate of natural change is the difference between the
birth rate and the death rate. This is usually positive (natural increase) but may also be negative (natural
decrease).
Fertility Rate - correct answer ✔✔Fertility rate is the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44
years in a given year.
Total Fertility Rate - correct answer ✔✔Total fertility rate is the average number of children that would
be born alive to a woman (or group of women) during her lifetime, if she were to pass through her
childbearing years confirming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.
Replacement-level Fertility - correct answer ✔✔Replacement-level fertility is the level at which the
people in each generation have just enough children to replace themselves in the population. Although
the level varies for different populations, a total fertility rate of 2.12 children is usually considered as the
replacement level.
Doubling Time - correct answer ✔✔Doubling time is the number of years it would take a population to
double its size at its current growth rate.
Demographic Transition - correct answer ✔✔Demographic transition is the historical shift of birth and
death rates from high to low levels in a population.
Population Structure - correct answer ✔✔Population structure is the composition of a population, the
most important elements of which are age and sex (gender).
Population Pyramid - correct answer ✔✔A population pyramid is a bar chart arranged vertically that
shows the distribution of population by age and gender.
Sex Ratio - correct answer ✔✔The sex ratio is the number of males per 100 females in a population.
Epidemiological Transition - correct answer ✔✔The change from mainly infectious disease, still common
in LEDCs, to the degenerative diseases, which have become the main cause of death in MEDCs.
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