The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ||
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ||
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ||
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ||
Starke Hathaway and J.C. McKinley correct answers In 1939, at the University of Minnesota, they created the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Purpose of the MMPI correct answers To develop a scale for the assessment of psychiatric patients (severity & therapy outcomes)
MMPI-2...
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Starke Hathaway and J.C. McKinley correct answers In 1939, at the University of Minnesota,
they created the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Purpose of the MMPI correct answers To develop a scale for the assessment of psychiatric
patients (severity & therapy outcomes)
MMPI-2 correct answers A widely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on
ten important clinical traits; revision was made in 1989, 50 years after the original test
Starke Hathaway (1903-1984) correct answers Clinical psychologist and absent-minded
professor who loved to build things, focused on empiricism, was pragmatic and was often sought
out as a therapist; one of the developers of the MMPI
MMPI development correct answers 4 validity scales to assess response sets, 10 clinical scales,
numerous supplemental scales; 567 true-false items total on MMPI-2
Contemporary method of scale construction correct answers 1) Theory
2) Empirical: item analysis (item-total correlations to assess discrimination)
Empirical scale construction of the MMPI correct answers Used method of contrasted groups
(criterion and reference groups); drew scale items from published scales and tests, case histories
and reports, clinical experience, and somatic symptoms (McKinley's choice) -- initial pool of 504
statements
"Minnesota Normals" correct answers Reference group in method of contrasted groups, N=724,
exclusion criterion=psychiatric history, mean age=35, education=8 years
Criterion group in method of contrasted groups correct answers Patients with a psychiatric
history who clearly fell into 8 diagnostic categories, N=~50 per group (tried to create
homogenous groups)
Goal of method of contrasted groups correct answers Find items for the MMPI that discriminated
between the Minnesota Normals and each clinical group (an item that discriminated between the
normals and more than one clinical group would end up on multiple scales) -- finding concurrent
validity
Phase II in method of contrasted groups correct answers Looking to see whether potential items
for the MMPI could discriminate in different groups of patients and normals (cross-validation)
Original clinical scales on MMPI correct answers 1) Hypochondriasis (illness anxiety DO)
2) Depression
3) Hysteria
Additional scales on original MMPI correct answers Masculinity/femininity and social
introversion scales
Masculinity/femininity scale correct answers Additional scale on MMPI that was originally
intended to identify gay males, later reformed to be a measure of stereotypical
masculine/feminine interests; old part of MMPI that has been removed in recent reconstruction
Social introversion scale correct answers Additional scale on MMPI that contained items that
discriminated between socially active vs. inactive college students (high
score=introverted/socially isolated)
MMPI as self-report scale correct answers There is interest in the content of one's answers,
whether or not the answer one selects shows discrimination between groups (may have no
theoretical relation to what the question is trying to assess)
Validity scales of the MMPI correct answers 1) ? (Cannot Say) = Number of items a person
didn't answer on the scale
2) L (Lie Scale) = Measures social desirability
3) F (Infrequency Scale) = Items rarely endorsed by normals
4) K (Correction Scale) = False normals, measure of subtle defensiveness
Lie scale (L) correct answers Validity scale that measures social desirability, an
"unsophisticated" attempt to look good, like Paulhus's Impression Management scale (e.g., "At
times I feel like swearing" -> False)
Infrequency scale (F) correct answers Validity scale that measures items rarely endorsed by
normals (<10%), assesses response deviation; overly high scores may indicate an invalid profile
or intense distress/call for help (e.g., "Evil spirits possess me at times" -> True)
Correction scale (K) correct answers Validity scale that identifies false normals (psychiatric
patients who scored in the normal range) and measures subtle defensiveness; items that
discriminated between normals and psychiatric patients who produced normal scores on the
MMPI, adjusts some scales for defensiveness -- adjust up on main scales if you think high scores
on this scale are influencing others (e.g., "Most people will use somewhat unfair means to gain
profit or an advantage rather than to lose it" -> False)
Validity scale configurations correct answers Scores on all MMPI scales are reported as t-scores,
plot profile consists of the validity scales on the left, then the 10 clinical scales after; fake good
and fake bad profiles are identifiable
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