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IB ESS: Pollution Management questions well answered already passed

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IB ESS: Pollution Management questions well answered already passed

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  • October 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • IB ESS
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BravelRadon
IB ESS: Pollution Management

Pollution - correct answer ✔✔The addition of a substance or agent to an environment by human activity
at a harmful rate which affects the organisms within the environment



Point source pollution - correct answer ✔✔The release of pollutants from a single, clearly identifiable
source (factory chimney)



Non-point source pollution - correct answer ✔✔The release of pollutants from numerous, widely
dispersed origins (gases from the exhaust systems of vehicles)



Major sources of pollutants - correct answer ✔✔Combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial
waste, manufacturing and agricultural systems



Describe two direct methods of monitoring pollution - correct answer ✔✔One method for air and one
for soil or water

air pollution:

-measure the acidity of rain water to determine levels of

-measure CO2, CO, or NOx levels in the atmosphere using a gas sensor

-measure particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere



soil pollution:

-conduct tests for nitrates and phosphates

-measure the level of organic matter in the soil



water pollution:

-nitrate and phosphate tests

-fecal coliform tests

-tests for heavy metals

, Biochemical oxygen demand - correct answer ✔✔Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of
oxygen required to support respiration by organisms living in a water sample.

high BOD indicates there are many organisms using oxygen for respiration, low BOD indicates relatively
few organisms needing oxygen for respiration

high BOD = low DO levels = high pollutant levels, especially nitrate & phosphate

low BOD = high DO levels = low pollutant levels



Outline approaches to pollution management. - correct answer ✔✔3-tiered approach to pollution
management- "replace, regulate, and restore" model

-change the human activity that generates the pollutant in the first place

-minimize the amount of the pollutant released into the environment

-clean up the pollutant and the affected areas



Evaluate the costs and benefits to society of the World Health Organization's ban on the use of the
pesticide DDT. - correct answer ✔✔Costs: mosquitoes have developed resistance to DDT, human health
concerns from exposure, loss of biodiversity

Benefits: kills mosquitoes which spread malaria, so malaria rates decrease, cheap, persistent (lasts a long
time), effective



Processes of eutrophication - correct answer ✔✔-increase of nitrates and phosphates leading to rapid
growth of algae

-accumulation of dead organic matter

-high rate of decomposition and lack of oxygen

Positive feedback processes.



Impacts of eutrophication - correct answer ✔✔-death of aerobic organisms

-collapse of food chains and loss of species diversity

-water contaminated with nitrites



Pollution management strategies for eutrophication - correct answer ✔✔Minimize the amount of
nutrients being released into the system by:

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