HSC411 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
Chronic Inflammation Characteristics - Answer- -build of cells
-may last for weeks to years
-cells build up instead of exudates and tissue destruction often occurs
-site of inflammation is infiltrated with lymphocytes and monocytes and fibr...
HSC411 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
Chronic Inflammation Characteristics - Answer- -build of cells
-may last for weeks to years
-cells build up instead of exudates and tissue destruction often occurs
-site of inflammation is infiltrated with lymphocytes and monocytes and fibroblasts with
few neutrophils(see these it is acute)
Chronic Inflammation Causes - Answer- -persistent irritants
-foreign bodies such as asbestos, silica, or suture material
-viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or idiopathic sources
-repeated bouts of acute inflammation
Nonspecific Patterns of Chronic Inflammation - Answer- -involves diffuse accumulation
of macrophages and lymphocytes and fibroblasts
*most common*
-fibroblasts proliferate secreting collagen with resulting scar formation
-many times this will result in normal tissue (parenchymal tissue) being replaced with
scar tissue with a net decrease in the function of the organ
-collagen=scar tissue
Parenchymal - Answer- normal functional tissue
Granulomatus Inflammation - Answer- -organized accumulation of cells
-seen in TB, some fungal infections, splinters and other foreign bodies such as sutures,
silica, talc, etc.
-large accumulations of macrophages (from monocytes) called epitheliod cells are seen
-macrophages can unite to form large multinucleated giant cells with >200 nuclei
Granulomatus - Answer- organized cells
Granuloma - Answer- 1-2 mm lesion
Tissue Healing Background - Answer- -parenchyma: nrmal functional cells/tissue
-stroma: support or structural components of tissue
-fibroblasts: connective tissue cells that produce collagen
Labile Cells - Answer- -regenerate throughout out lifetime
-ex. bone marrow cells, epithelial cells
-always undergoing mitosis
-contact inhibitions=stop
-"highly mitotic-consent"
Stable Cells - Answer- -stop dividing when growth ceases, but are capable of
regeneration if properly stimulated
-with these cells to regenerate properly, the underlying structural framework must be
intact
-ex. hepatocytes, liver cells
-conditional
Benefits of Fever - Answer- -interfere with pathogen
-speed immune response
Harmful Effects of Fever - Answer- -heart rate increases 10bpm per 1 F with fever
-this puts a big strain on people with heart problems
-fever causes convulsions in some children febrile seizures
Tissue Damage - Answer- >106
Leads to death - Answer- >109
Disrupts brain function - Answer- >105
Treatment for fver - Answer- antipyretic therapy
Acetylsalicylic Acid (asprin) or Acetaminophen - Answer- -inhibits prostaglandin
production in hypothalmus
-this blocks set point elevation and maintains set point closer to norm
Behavioral Responses - Answer- -cold compressesses, ice baths, breezes
-brain cooling by cooling forehead and nasal region leading to cavernous sinus
, Hyperthermia Includes - Answer- heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heatstroke
Hyperthermia - Answer- describes an increase in body temperature that occurs without
a change in the set point of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. It occurs when
the thermoregulatory mechanisms are overwhelmed by heat production excessive
environmental heat or impaired dissipation of heat.
Heat Cramps - Answer- -slow, painful, skeletal muscle cramps and spasms that last for
1-3 minutes
-this is due to excess loss of water and salt
-when after heavy sweating water alone is replaced
-tonicity is disturbed
Heat Exhaustion - Answer- -related to a gradual loss of salt and water usualy following
prolonged and heavy exertion in a hot environment
Symptoms: thirst, fatigue, nausea, giddiness, possibly delirium and GI symptoms
Tx. rest in a cool environment, drink plenty of water salt replacement
Elderly - Answer- 80% fatal
impaired heat loss and failure of homeostatic mechanisms
Heat Stroke - Answer- -a severe life threatening failure of the thermoregulatory
mechanisms resulting in an excessive increase in body temperature (greater than 104)
-abscence of sweating
-loss of consciousness
-children and elderly are most susceptible
Symptoms: includes dizziness, weakness, disorientation, nausea, convulsions, and
coma, skin is hot and dry, then becomes cool with time
Tx. must cool body rapidly by submersion in cold water, application of ice packs, or
spraying with water and fanning, get medical help immediately
Pathogenesis of Fever - Answer- .
Osmosis - Answer- -diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
-pulling pressure
Albumin - Answer- -maintain osmotic pressure in blood
-plasma proteins
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