ADPP Module 2
What does STOPAR stand for - ANS Stop
Think
Observe
Plan
Act
Review
What is involved in the "Stop" section of STOPAR? - ANS -Focus on new situation
-Identify issue/problem/risks
What is involved in the "Think" section of STOPAR? - ANS -Identify key situational factors; who
and what are involved
What is involved in the "Observe" section of STOPAR? - ANS -Gather and assess all the
situational information
What is involved in the "Plan" section of STOPAR? - ANS -Come up with the best option and
plan how you will justify and implement it (taking into account 'POLICE')
What is involved in the "Act" section of STOPAR? - ANS Implement your chosen plan
What is involved in the "Review" section of STOPAR? - ANS Monitor the effectiveness of your
plan during and after implementation
What are the barriers to communication? - ANS -Physical
-Emotional
-Behavioural
What are the 4 types of listening? - ANS 1. No Listening
2. Marginal Listening
3. Evaluative Listening
4. Active Listening
What is active listening? - ANS Empathetic listening in which the listener is trying to understand
the meaning and context behind the words, and actively acknowledging their understanding of
what is being said.
What does it mean to be assertive? - ANS Having the quality of being self-assured and
confident without being aggressive.
, What are the 4 characteristics of assertive people? - ANS 1. Being Open
2. Not Anxious
3. They are contentious
4. They are not intimidated
What are the 4 rules of assertiveness? - ANS 1. Be honest
2. Relevant facts only
3. Stick to your bottom line
4. Negotiate on equal terms
What are the nine tactics for assertiveness? - ANS 1. State your position clearly
2. Use "I" statements
3. Be honest
4. Listen to them
5. Use appropriate tone
6. Use appropriate body language
7. Look the other person in the eye
8. Do not exaggerate
9. Focus on fact, not judgements
What is evidence? - ANS Fact, information or supporting materials that tend to prove or
disprove a particular fact or issue
Why does evidence need to be scrutinised and tested? - ANS So that everyone has the right to
a fair trial
What are the 3 types of evidence? - ANS 1. Original
2. Real
3. Documentary
What is direct evidence? - ANS Facts that support the truth of an assertion.
e.g. Witness testimony, DNA
What is indirect evidence? - ANS Facts which support the drawing of the inference as to the
truth of an assertion.
Also known as circumstantial evidence.
What is inculpatory evidence? - ANS Evidence which tends to incriminate
What is exculpatory evidence? - ANS Evidence which tends to exonerate
What are the 3 rules/factors that determine the admissibility of evidence? - ANS 1. Relevance
2. Reliability
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