Practice Solution Manual for Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 19 100% Pass
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Course
Chemical Thermodynamics
Institution
Chemical Thermodynamics
Practice Solution Manual for Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 19 100% Pass
chemical thermodynamics - Answers is the area of chemistry that deals with energy relationships
enthalpy change for a system is - Answers the heat transferred between the system and its surrounding during a constant-pressur...
Practice Solution Manual for Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 19 100% Pass
chemical thermodynamics - Answers is the area of chemistry that deals with energy relationships
enthalpy change for a system is - Answers the heat transferred between the system and its surrounding
during a constant-pressure process
1st law of thermodynamics - Answers energy is conserved (is not created nor destroyed in any process )
∆E = q +w (q= heat absorbed or released and w= work done on the system)
q>0 means - Answers system is absorbing heat
q<0 - Answers system is releasing heat
w>0 - Answers surroundings are doing work on the system
spontaneous process - Answers is one that proceeds on its own without any outside intervention
it does not mean that reaction will occur at an observable rate
processes that are spontaneous in one direction are.... - Answers nonspontaneous in the opposite
direction
thermodynamics tell us the ... and.... of a reaction but nothing about the ...... - Answers direction and
extent , but not speed
state functions - Answers define a state and do not depend on how we reach that state
(temp, internal energy, and enthalpy )
reversible process - Answers a specific way in which a system changes its state . The change occurs in
such a way that the system and surroundings can be restored to their original states by EXACTLY
reversing the change. In other words we can restore the system to its original condition with no net
change to either the system or its surroundings.
irreversible process - Answers is one that cannot simply be reversed to restore the system and its
surroundings to their original states
Carnot concluded that a reversible change produces the ..... - Answers maximum amount of work that
can be done by a system on its surroundings.
isothermal process - Answers it the expansion of an ideal gas at constant temp.
When a system is at equilibrium, __________. - Answers the process is not spontaneous in either
direction
, A reversible process is one that __________. - Answers can be reversed with no net change in either
system or surroundings
The second law of thermodynamics states that __________ - Answers or any spontaneous process, the
entropy of the universe increases
entropy (S) - Answers is associated wither with the extent of randomness in a a system or with the
extent to which energy is distributed among the various motions of the molecules of the system.
change in entropy in a system depends on - Answers only the initial and final states of the system
∆S=S(final) - S(initial)
in an isothermal process ∆S is - Answers equal to the heat that would be transferred if the process were
reversible, q(rev) divided by the absolute temp at which the process occurs
∆S= Q(rev) / T (temp) (constant)
the melting of a substance at its melting point and the vaporization of a substance at its boiling pint are -
Answers isothermal processes
entropy - Answers is not conserved
-for any spontaneous process , the total change in entropy, which is the sum of the entropy change of
the system plus the entropy change of the surroundings, is greater than zero
-it is the measure of randomness of a system
The entropy of the universe is __________. - Answers continually increasing
The quantity of energy gained by a system equals the quantity of energy gained by its surroundings -
Answers false
reversible process relating to ∆S universe - Answers ∆S (universe) = 0
irreversible process - Answers ∆S (universe) > 0
second law of thermodynamics - Answers states that any irreversible process results in an increase in
total entropy, whereas and reversible process results in no overall change in entropy
because spontaneous processes are irreversible we can say that the entropy of the universe ...... in any
spontaneous process - Answers increases
microstate - Answers is a single possible arrangement of the positions and kinetic energies of the gas
molecules when the gas ins in a specific thermodynamic state. Each thermodynamic state has a
characteristic number of microstates associated with it represented by the letter W>
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