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TMC RESPIRATORY CARE BOARDS STUDY GUIDE #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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TMC RESPIRATORY CARE BOARDS STUDY GUIDE #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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TMC RESPIRATORY CARE BOARDS STUDYGUIDE #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
4 critical life functions - ANSWER 1. Ventilation
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2. Oxygenation
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3. Circulation
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4. Perfusion
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Findings that indicate patient's fluid intake exceeds urine output - ANSWER 1. Weight gain
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2. Electrolyte imbalance
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3. Increased hemodynamic pressures
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4. Decreased lung compliance
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Reading that indicates hypovolemia - ANSWER CVP < 2 mmHg
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Reading that indicates hypervolemia - ANSWER CVP > 6 mmHg
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Semicomatose - ANSWER Responds only to painful stimuli
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Lethargy or somnolence - ANSWER Sleepy
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Obtunded - ANSWER Drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reflex
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Orthopnea - ANSWER Difficulty breathing in upright position (heart problem, CHF)
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General malaise -
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ANSWER Run down feeling, nausea, weakness, fatigue, headache (electrolyte imbalance)
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Dyspnea - ANSWER Feeling of SOB/difficulty breathing
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,Dysphagia - ANSWER Difficulty swallowing, hoarseness
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Peripheral edema - ANSWER Pitting edema in arms and ankles
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Causes of peripheral edema - ANSWER Fluid accumulation from CHF and renal failure
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Ascites - ANSWER Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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Causes ascites - ANSWER Fluid accumulation from liver failure
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Clubbing - ANSWER Angling of nail bed of thumbs, first finger and toes
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Causes of clubbing - ANSWER Effects of chronic hypoxemia on fingers and toes
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Venous distention - ANSWER Engorged jugular veins during exhalation
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Causes of venous distention - ANSWER Engorged jugular veins from CHF and COPD
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Capillary refill - ANSWER Indicates peripheral circulation
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Diaphoresis - ANSWER Profuse, heavy sweating
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Causes of diaphoresis - ANSWER Heart failure, fever, infection, anxiety, nervousness, TB
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Ashen/pallor skin - ANSWER Skin color caused by anemia or blood loss
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Erythema - ANSWER Redness of skin
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, Causes of erythema - ANSWER Skin colore caused by capillary congestion, inflammation, infection
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Causes of Cyanosis - ANSWER Skin color caused by hypoxia from increased amount of reduced hemoglobin
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Kyphosis - ANSWER Convex curvature of spine (lean forward)
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Scoliosis - ANSWER Lateral curvature of spine (side to side)
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Eupnea - ANSWER Normal RR, depth, rhythm
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Causes of tachypnea - ANSWER Hypoxia, fever, pain CNS problems
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Cheyne-Stokes - ANSWER Gradual increase in RR, then gradual decrease in RR and depth
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Causes of Cheyne-Stokes - ANSWER Breathing pattern caused by increased ICP, meningitis, narcotic OD
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Kussmaul's - ANSWER Increased RR, increased depth, irregular rhythm, labored breathing
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Causes of Kussmaul's -
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ANSWER Breathing pattern caused by metabolic acidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis
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Normal muscles of ventilation - ANSWER Diaphragm, external intercostals, passive exhalation
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Accessory muscle used to increase ventilation -
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ANSWER Intercostal, scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, abdominal muscles (oblique, rectus a
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bdominus)
Disease that causes hypertrophy of the accessory muscles - ANSWER COPD effects on accessory muscles
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Signs of respiratory distress in infants - ANSWER Retractions, nasal flaring
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