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Pathoma GIT – Questions & Complete Answers
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Pathoma GIT – Questions & Complete Answers
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Pathoma GIT – Questions & Complete AnswersApthous ulcer Right Ans - painful ulceration of superficial oral mucosa
grayish base surrounded by erythema
arises w/stress & resolves spontaneously; often recurs
Bechet syndrome Right Ans - Triad: apthous ulcer + genital ulcers + uveitis
etiology unknown
Squamous cell carcinoma Right Ans - malignant neoplasm of squamous
cells of oral mucosa
RF for oral squamous cell carcinoma Right Ans - tobacco
alcohol
Leukoplakia Right Ans - pre-malignant/dysplastic lesion of oral mucosa
that makes you worry about squamous cell carcinoma
NOT easily scraped off
Candida Right Ans - in the differential of leukoplakia-yeast infection in
immune compromised
easily scraped off
Hairy leukoplakia Right Ans - in the differential of leukoplakia - NON
dysplastic simple hyperplasia of oral mucosa
White, shaggy rough patches on LATERAL aspect of tongue
associated w/EBV
Erythroplakia Right Ans - vascularized leukoplakia
Highly suggestive of squamous dysplasia and predisposition for squamous cell
carcinoma
Location of MUMPs infections Right Ans - 1) salivary glands - usually
bilateral parotid inflammation
,2) testes-->orchitis
3) pancreas --> acute pancreatitis
4) meninges --> aseptic meningitis
Sialadenitis Right Ans - inflammation of salivary gland due to staph aureus
infection secondary to sialolithiasis (stone obstructing the gland)
unilateral
Pleomorphic adenoma Right Ans - most common tumor of the Parotid-
mobile, painless, circumscribed mass
BENIGN
pleomorphic/biphasic - consists of stromal & epithelial tissue
rarely can progress to carcinoma w/facial N damage
*high rate of recurrence because it has irregular margins
Warthin tumor Right Ans - benign cystic tumor of parotids - consists of
lymphocytes & germinal centers
BENIGN
second most common tumor of salivary glands
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Right Ans - mucin-producing goblet cells +
squamous cells
MALIGNANT tumor of Parotids--> involves the facial N
Clinical presentation of TE fistula Right Ans - most common form is blind
pouch UE & fistula between trachea and LE
-baby w/emesis
-distention of stomach/intestines
-aspiration
-polyhydramnios
Esophageal web Right Ans - protrusion of mucosal tissue
upper esophagus
dysphagia for poorly-chewed food
increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Plummer vinson syndrome Right Ans - esophageal web + severe iron-
deficiency anemia + beefy red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
, Esophageal diverticula by location Right Ans - UE - zenker
Middle - traction
LE - supraphrenic
Zenker diverticulum presentation Right Ans - false diverticula - out
pouching of mucosa through an acquired defect in the pharyngeal wall
-usually due to abnormal pressure gradients
S&S of esophageal diverticula Right Ans - dysphagia
obstruction
halitosis
Mallory Weise syndrome Right Ans - Longitudinal lacerations of esophagus
at GE junction secondary to chronic emesis
-alcoholics
-bulimics
Painful hematemesis Right Ans - Mallory Weise syndrome - vomiting,
wretching, epigastric pain, and hematemesis
Borhaave syndrome Right Ans - potential complication of severe Mallory
Weise syndrome - rupture thru the entire esophageal wall leading to
esophageal air/fluid leakage into the mediastinum & the plura
presents as vomiting, wrenching, chest & upper abdominal pain
fever, dyspnea, and septic shock will rapidly ensue
subcutaneous emphysema Right Ans - air in mediastinum - sounds like rice
crisps popping when you press on the tissues
seen in Borhaave syndrome
venous drainage of esophagus Right Ans - middle and upper esophagus -->
azygous vein
lower esophagus -->Left Gastric V --> portal venous system
painless hematemesis Right Ans - rupture of esophageal varices
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