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Ovarian Tumors (Pathoma + Mahmoud): Questions & Answers
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Ovarian Tumors (Pathoma + Mahmoud): Questions & Answers
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Ovarian Tumors (Pathoma + Mahmoud): Questions &Answers
What are the 3 cell types that compose the ovary? Right Ans - surface
epithelium
germ cells
sex cord stroma
What is the most common type of ovarian tumor? Right Ans - surface
epithelial tumor = 70% of cases
What are the 2 most common subtypes of surface epithelial tumors? Right
Ans - serous
mucinous
What are the characteristics of benign (cystadenoma) serous surface
epithelial tumors? Right Ans - composed of a single cyst with a simple, flat
lining
Most commonly in premenopausal/young women = 30-40 years old
What are the characteristics of malignant (cystadenocarcinoma) serous
surface epithelial tumors? Right Ans - composed of *complex* cysts with a
thick, shaggy lining
Most commonly in postmenopausal/older women = 60-70 years old
What are characteristics of borderline serous surface epithelial tumors?
Right Ans - features in between benign and malignant tumors -- *better
prognosis* than clearly malignant tumors, but still carry metastatic potential
=> *development of low grade serous carcinoma*
*bilateral* -- confined to the ovaries
Pts who are carriers of what mutation have an increased risk for serous
carcinoma of the ovary and fallopian tube? Right Ans - BRAC1
, What are risk factors of ovarian neoplasms? Right Ans - nulliparity
FH
heritable mutations: BRAC1 and BRAC2
What lowers the risk of ovarian neoplasms? Right Ans - previous
pregnancy
history of breastfeeding
OCPs, tubal ligation
What are common symptoms of ovarian neoplasms? Right Ans - abdominal
pain and distention
urinary and gastrointestinal tract
pleural effusion
abdominal and vaginal bleeding
How are ovarian neoplasms monitored? Right Ans - monitor progression
by measuring *CA-125 levels* (not good for screening)
What do surface epithelial tumors originate from? Right Ans - *coelomic
epithelium* that lines the ovary
What is the pathogenesis of surface epithelial tumors? Right Ans - repeated
ovulation and scarring, surface epithelium becomes entrapped in the cortex
forming *small epithelial cysts*
What are the most common of all surface epithelial tumors? Right Ans -
serous tumors (borderline and malignant are the most common serous
tumors)
Gross morphology of surface epithelium serous cystadenoma Right Ans -
large cysts, thin walled, smooth surface
one cysts (unilocular) or multiple cysts
filled with clear serous fluid
Histology of surface epithelium serous cystadenoma Right Ans - single
layer of columnar epithelium (ciliated)
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