Hemodynamics Monitoring Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Course
Hemodynamics
Institution
Hemodynamics
Hemodynamics Monitoring Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A+
What is hemodynamic monitoring? - Answers The evaluation, monitoring, and assessment of the dynamics of blood flow through the cardiovascular circuit in an individual.
Why is hemodynamic monitoring important? - A...
Hemodynamics Monitoring Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A+
What is hemodynamic monitoring? - Answers The evaluation, monitoring, and assessment of the
dynamics of blood flow through the cardiovascular circuit in an individual.
Why is hemodynamic monitoring important? - Answers Movement of blood determines perfusion,
oxygenation, and delivery of nutrients to the body, and it is a foundation for interventions in the critical
care setting.
What is the best indicator of the condition of the heart's contractile or inotropic ability? - Answers
Cardiac output
Cardiac output determines the quality of what? - Answers Perfusion out to the body
What is cardiac output? - Answers The volume of blood ejected by the heart into the systemic circuit in
1 minute.
What is a normal cardiac output? At rest? - Answers 4-8 liters of blood per minute, at rest= 4-6 liters
What is cardiac index? - Answers The cardiac output divided by an individuals body surface area (more
specific version of cardiac output).
Why is cardiac index important? - Answers It is more sensitive that cardiac output especially with people
on extreme ends of body surface. The cardiac output may be normal and cardiac index may be
abnormal.
What is a normal cardiac index? - Answers 2.2-4 L/minute/m2
Which of the following values reflects a normal resting cardiac output: 2.5, 5.8, 7.3, or 9.6 L/min? -
Answers 5.8 L/min
Cardiac output =? - Answers Stroke volume x heart rate
What is stroke volume? - Answers The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each systole
(contraction)
What is a normal stroke volume? - Answers Approximately 60-70 ml
What three factors is stroke volume affected by? - Answers Preload, afterload, and contractility
What is ejection fraction? - Answers The ratio of stroke volume to ventricular end diastolic volume.
Will the left ventricle eject all of the blood it contains during systole? - Answers NO
How and where can ejection fraction be evaluated? - Answers Non invasively at the bedside with an
echocardiogram.
, What is a normal ejection fraction in a healthy heart? In clinical practice for someone with underlying
heart disease what is normal? - Answers 70% in a healthy heart, >50% in clinical practice
What does a 50% ejection fraction mean? - Answers At least 50% adequate for good forward perfusion
and doesn't leave too high of a residual volume inside the ventricle that can interfere with the next
period of diastolic filling.
What does a <50% ejection fraction mean? - Answers A larger volume of blood is left in the ventricle
which means the ventricle can accommodate less "new" blood and less blood is going out to perfuse the
body.
An echocardiogram reveals an ejection fraction of 55%. On the basis of this information the patient's
cardiac function is adequate, mildly decreased, moderately decreased, or severely decreased? - Answers
Adequate
What is preload? - Answers The volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole or the amount of
myocardial stretch placed on the ventricular fibers prior to systole.
What does the Frank Starling law of the heart state? - Answers It states that in order to have maximum
contractility you have to stretch the muscle fibers to the maximum they can handle.
What does the volume of blood in the ventricle during diastole (preload) create? - Answers A filling
pressure
What are the two types of filling pressure? - Answers Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and
Right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP)
What is the progression of events starting with decreased filling pressure? - Answers Decreased filling
pressure -> decreased stretch-> decreased contractility -> decreased stroke volume -> decreased
perfusion
What can cause contractility to decreased? - Answers Under stretch of the heart muscles and over
stretch of the heart muscles past their maximum capacity. (Optimum stretch is within a certain range)
What three pressures measure preload? - Answers Central venous pressure (CVP) (AKA right atrial
pressure), Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD), and Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PCWP)
(AKA pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP).
Which pressure measures right sided preload? - Answers CVP, RAP: Central venous pressure (AKA right
atrial pressure).
Which pressures measure left sided preload? - Answers PAD, PCWP, PAOP: Pulmonary artery diastolic
pressure or pulmonary artery wedge pressure (AKA pulmonary artery occlusive pressure)
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