,1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the
reward pathway and is often dysregulated in substance
abuse?
- A) Serotonin
- B) Dopamine
- C) Norepinephrine
- D) GABA
Correct Answer: B) Dopamine
Rationale: Dopamine is crucial for the brain's reward
system and is heavily involved in the mechanisms of
addiction.
2. What is the primary mechanism of action for opioids?
- A) Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
- B) Agonism of GABA receptors
- C) Agonism of mu-opioid receptors
- D) Stimulation of dopamine release
Correct Answer: C) Agonism of mu-opioid receptors
Rationale: Opioids primarily exert their effects through
the activation of mu-opioid receptors, leading to pain relief
and euphoria.
4. The __________ model of addiction suggests that
addiction is a complex interplay of biological, psychological,
and social factors.
Correct Answer: biopsychosocial
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the
multifaceted nature of addiction, integrating various
influences.
5. In the context of addiction, __________ refers to the
brain's adaptation to a substance, leading to decreased
sensitivity and increased consumption.
Correct Answer: tolerance
Rationale: Tolerance develops when the body adapts to
a substance, requiring more of it to achieve the same effect.
6. The __________ Theory posits that individuals seek out
drugs to avoid negative emotional states rather than to
achieve pleasure.
Correct Answer: Negative Reinforcement
Rationale: This theory highlights how individuals may use
substances to alleviate discomfort or emotional pain.
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