BIO 201 - EXAM 4 – ASU LATEST 2024 FORM A REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALL ARE CORRECT) A GRADE
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BIO 201 – ASU
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BIO 201 – ASU
BIO 201 - EXAM 4 – ASU LATEST 2024 FORM A REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALL ARE CORRECT) A GRADE
Two Parts of Blood Barrier System - Answer-Blood-Brain Barrier
- Blood capillaries throughout the brain tissue.
- Tight junctions between endothelial cells.
- Astrocytes reach out a...
BIO 201 - EXAM 4 – ASU LATEST 2024
FORM A REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (ALL ARE
CORRECT) A GRADE
Two Parts of Blood Barrier System - Answer-Blood-Brain Barrier
- Blood capillaries throughout the brain tissue.
- Tight junctions between endothelial cells.
- Astrocytes reach out and contact capillaries with their perivascular feet.
Blood-CSF Barrier
- Capillaries of the choroid plexus.
- ependymal cells
Blood-Brain Barrier* - Answer-Tightly Joined Endothelium
- Permeable to lipid-soluble materials.
- Alcohol, O2, CO2, nicotine, and anesthetics.
Circumventricular Organs in 3rd and 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier where blood
has direct access
- Monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity, and other variations.
- Allows route for HIV virus to invade the brain
3 Parts of the Hind Brain - Answer-- Medulla Oblongata
- Pons
- Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - Answer-- Begins at foramen Magnum of the skull.
- 3 cm extension of spinal cord.
- Ascending and descending nerve tracts.
- Nuclei of sensory and motor CNs (IX, X, XI, XII)
- Control center of homeostasis.
Centers of the Medulla Oblongata - Answer-Cardiac Center
- Adjusts rate and force of heart.
Vasomotor Center
- Adjusts blood vessel diameter.
Respiratory Centers
- Control rate and depth of breathing
Reflex Centers
, - Coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements
of tongue and head.
Anatomy of Medulla Oblongata - Answer-Pyramids: contain descending fibers called
corticospinal tracts.
- Carry motor signals to skeletal muscles.
Inferior Olivary Nucleus: Relay center for signals to cerebellum.
Reticular Formation: Loose network of nuclei extending throughout
- The medulla, pons, and midbrain.
- Contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers.
Pons - Answer-- Bulge in brainstem.
- Rostral to the medulla.
- Ascending sensory tracts.
- Descending motor tracts.
- Pathways in & out of cerebellum
- Cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII
- Sensory roles: hearing, equilibrium, taste, facial sensations.
- Motor roles: eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, urination, and
secretion of saliva and tears.
- Reticular formation in pons contains additional nuclei concerned with sleep,
respiration, and posture.
Cerebellum - Answer-- Right and left hemispheres connected by vermis*
- Parallel surface folds called folia are gray matter
- Cerebellar peduncles - three pairs of stalks that connect the cerebellum to the
brainstem.
- Consist of thick bundles of nerve fibers that carry signals to and from the cerebellum
- Arbor Vitae (white matter) visible in sagittal section
Cerebellar Functions - Answer-- Monitors muscle contractions.
- Aids in motor coordination.
- Evaluation of sensory input
- Comparing textures w/o seeing them.
- Spatial perception and comprehension of different views of 3d objects belonging to
the same object.
- Timekeeping Center
- Predicting movement of objects
- Helps predict how much the eyes must move in order to compensate for head
movements and remain fixed on an object.
- Hearing - distinguish pitch and similar sounding words.
- Planning and scheduling tasks
- Lesions may result in emotional overreactions and trouble with impulse control
- many children with ADHD have small cerebrums.
The Midbrain - Answer-- Short segment of brainstem - connects hindbrain to forebrain.
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