NBRC TMC STUDY/WITH GOOD SCORES GUARANTEED TO
PASS( GRADE A+ )
*Useful in monitoring asthma, CF, COPD
FEco - CORRECT ANSWERS -Exhaled carbon monoxide
*Normal biproduct of RBC destruction
*Used to measure smoking abstinence
*Non-smokers < 7 (definately under 10)
*Heavy smoker > 20
PE eval order of diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWERS -1. Spiral CT
2. V/Q scan (nuclear med study)
3. Pulm angiogram
RBC norm - CORRECT ANSWERS -4 - 6 (5 x 3 x 3 rule
Hemoglobin (Hb) norm - CORRECT ANSWERS -12 - 16 (5 x 3 x 3) rule
Hematocrit (Hct) norm - CORRECT ANSWERS -40 - 50% (5 x 3 x 3) rule
Normal WBC - CORRECT ANSWERS -5,000-10,000
Increased WBC - CORRECT ANSWERS -Leukocytosis (bacterial infection)
Decreased WBC - CORRECT ANSWERS -Leukopenia (viral infection)
Bands - CORRECT ANSWERS -Immature neutrophils
*Increased with bacterial infections
*norm 4% of WBC
Segs - CORRECT ANSWERS -Mature neutrophils
*Decreased with bacterial infections
*norm 60% of WBC
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWERS -Associated with asthma
*norm 2% of WBC
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS -Associated with TB
*norm 3% of WBC
Lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS -*norm 30% of WBC
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWERS -*norm 1% of WBC
,K+ - CORRECT ANSWERS -Potassium - cation
*norm 3.5 - 4.5 mEq/L (PaCo2 range)
Na+ - CORRECT ANSWERS -Sodium - cation (kidneys control)
*norm 135 - 145 mEq/L (PaCO2 range w/a 1)
Cl- - CORRECT ANSWERS -Chloride - anion
*norm 90 - 100 mEq/L (PaO2 range)
HCO3- - CORRECT ANSWERS -Bicarbonate (TCO2)
*norm 22 - 26 mEq/L
Creatinine - CORRECT ANSWERS -Norm 0.7 - 1.3 mg/dL
*Superior measurement of kidney function (more specific than BUN)
BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Norm 8 - 25 mg/dL
*evaluates kidney function (in combination with creatinine)
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS -Low potassium
*metabolic alkalosis (flattened T-waves on EKG), vomiting, excessive excretion
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS -High potassium
*metabolic acidosis (spiked T-waves on EKG), kidney failure indicator
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS -Low sodium
*fluid loss from diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, fluid gain from CHF, IVs
4 life functions (in order) & assessment for them - CORRECT ANSWERS -Ventilation -
RR, VT, BS, chest. movement, PaCO2, EtCO2
Oxygenation - HR, Skin Color, Sensorium, PaO2, SpO2
Circulation - HR & strength, CO
Perfusion - BP, sensorium, temp, urine output, hemodynamics
Tobacco use, smoking status - CORRECT ANSWERS -# packs per day X # of years
smoked = pack years
Pysical inspection (IPPA) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscaltation
Normal urine output - CORRECT ANSWERS -40mL/hr = 1L/day
, Sensible water loss reasons - CORRECT ANSWERS -urine, vomiting
Insensible water loss - CORRECT ANSWERS -Lungs, skin
Affects of intake exceeding output - CORRECT ANSWERS -Weight gain, electrolyte
imbalance, increased hemodynamic pressures, decreased lung cst
Normal CVP (central venous pressure) - CORRECT ANSWERS -2-6 mmHg
Decreased CVP & indications - CORRECT ANSWERS -< 2 mmHg = hypovolemia =
fluid therapy
Increased CVP & indications - CORRECT ANSWERS -> 6 mmHg = diuretics
(furosemide aka Lasix)
Orientation x3 - CORRECT ANSWERS -Time, Place, Person
Orthopnea is: - CORRECT ANSWERS -difficulty breathing while lying down (CHF)
Dyspnea grades - CORRECT ANSWERS -Grade I: unusual exertion
Grade II: up hills or stairs
Grade III: walking at normal speed
Grade IV: slowly, walking short distance
Grade V: at rest, shaving, dressing, etc.
Proper interviewing techniques - CORRECT ANSWERS -Open-ended questions
Patient education - CORRECT ANSWERS -process of influencing the patient's behavior
to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, & skills needed to maintain & improve health
Effective education - CORRECT ANSWERS -begins with an assessment of the patient's
& family's learning needs to determine what learning needs to occur & how the learning
can best occur.
Peripheral edema causes, locations - CORRECT ANSWERS -CHF, renal failure; arms
& ankles
Acites - CORRECT ANSWERS -accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, generally caused
by liver failure
Clubbing definition; causes - CORRECT ANSWERS -When angle of the nail bed & skin
increases; chronic hypoxemia caused by COPD, CHF, CF, pulmonary diseases
Cap refill - CORRECT ANSWERS -Color should return within 3 seconds
JVD - CORRECT ANSWERS -jugular venous distention
