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Community Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition by Mary A. Nies, Melanie McEwen
Full Test Bank Community Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition by Mary A. Nies, Melanie McEwen
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Full Test BankCommunity Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition by Mary A. Nies, Melanie McEwen
,Chapter 01: Health: A Community View
Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
CORRECT ANS: C
Rationale: The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs,
which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of
escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in
1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions
about healthcare; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned.
The new healthcare system will change the health care access and availability, but will not
necessarily be offering any free services to Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
2. A RN has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
e. RNs, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
visible in American med iNa. R I
f. RNs are primarily respon sibS
U le foNr mTanagingOthe various units in our health care
system.
g. RNs are the largest segment of health care providers.
h. RNs are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
CORRECT ANS: C
Rationale: As the largest segment of health care providers, RNs are informed about the
current healthcare system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until
they are desperately ill. RNs, as the American RNs Association (ANA) emphasize, usually
believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, RNs, whose work is central to
our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to
create a health care delivery system that will meet health needs. While RNs are in several
current TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other
health care providers are as well. RNs are often managers, but managers often have other
backgrounds, such as business administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where RNs are employed?
i. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical
centers.
j. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
k. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing RNs to improve customer
, relations.
CORRECT ANS: B
Rationale: MCOs are employing RNs in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and
acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an
increase in neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries,
health care isrecognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, RNs
are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects
the move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help
decreasethe continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease
prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
CORRECT ANS: C
Rationale: Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the
environment safe and in egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and
seeking of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system
to protect and preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and
freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring
social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy
lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of
alcohol or drugs, is also needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and
vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
environmental changes needed for well-being.
CORRECT ANS: D
Rationale: Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on
personal choices in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices
ignores the need for community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or
cultural restraints to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
6. What responsibility does the American RNs Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of
the RN beyond giving excellent care to clients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
, to clients.
b. Recognize the need for experienced RNs to mentor new graduates to help
increase and expand the number of professionals available.
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
CORRECT ANS: C
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy
and legislationto positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code
does not directly address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or
wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in
meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
CORRECT ANS: D
Rationale: The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but
choices andactions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better
health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
U S N T
8. How does community health nursing define community?
O
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern
CORRECT ANS: B
Rationale: Community health RNs work with both geopolitical groups (within specific
geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based
on culture, history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have
been a plannedgroup—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common
problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who
share a common identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a
specific geographic setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
CORRECT ANS: A
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