HESI Fundamentals Exam
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1. A male client with an infected B. Combination of plant proteins to pro-
wound tells the nurse that he fol- vide essential amino acids.
lows a macrobiotic diet. Which
type of foods should the nurse A macrobiotic diet is high in whole-grain
recommend that the client select cereals, vegetables, sea vegetables,
from the hospital menu? beans, and vegetarian soups, and the
client needs essential amino acids to
A. Low fat and low sodium foods. provide complete proteins to heal the
B. Combination of plant proteins infected wound. Although a macrobiot-
to provide essential amino acids. ic diet contains no source of animal
C. Limited complex carbohy- protein, essential amino acids should
drates and fiber. be obtained by combining plant (incom-
D. Increased amount of vitamin C plete) proteins to provide complete (all
and beta carotene rich foods. essential amino acids) proteins (B) for
anabolic processes. (A, C, and D) do
not provide the client with food choices
consistent with a macrobiotic diet and
protein needs.
2. When making the bed of a client D. Drape the top sheet and covers
who needs a bed cradle, which loosely over the bed cradle.
action should the nurse include?
A bed cradle is used to keep the top
A. Teach the client to call for help bedclothes off the client, so the nurse
before getting out of bed. should drape the top sheet and covers
B. Keep both the upper and lower loosely over the cradle (D). A client us-
side rails in a raised position. ing a bed cradle may still be able to am-
C. Keep the bed in the lowest po- bulate independently (A) and does not
sition while changing the sheets. require raised side rails (B). (C) causes
D. Drape the top sheet and covers the nurse to use poor body mechanics.
loosely over the bed cradle.
3. What client statement indicates to B. "I don't understand why I'm so weak
the nurse that the client requires and tired."
assistance with bathing?
A. "I wasn't able to pack a bag
before I left for the hospital."
B. "I don't understand why I'm so
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weak and tired."
C. "I only bathe every other day."
D. "I left my eyeglasses at home."
4. The home health nurse visits an C. The nurse notes that there are nu-
elderly female client who had a merous scatter rugs throughout the
stroke three months ago and is house.
now able to ambulate with the as-
sistance of a quad cane. Which
assessment finding has the great-
est implications for this client's
care?
A. The husband, who is the care-
giver, begins to weep when the
nurse asks how he is doing.
B. The client tells the nurse that
she does not have much of an ap-
petite today.
C. The nurse notes that there are
numerous scatter rugs through-
out the house.
D. The client's pulse rate is 10
beats higher than it was at the last
visit one week ago.
5. What activity should the nurse D. Examine the effectiveness of nursing
use in the evaluation phase of the interventions toward meeting client out-
nursing process? comes.
A. Ask a client to evaluate the
nursing care provided.
B. Document the nursing care
plan in the progress notes.
C. Determine whether a client's
health problems have been allevi-
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ated.
D. Examine the effectiveness
of nursing interventions toward
meeting client outcomes.
6. A client is demonstrating a posi- B. Ask the client about numbness or
tive Chvostek's sign. What action tingling in the hands.
should the nurse take?
A positive Chvostek's sign is an indi-
A. Observe the client's pupil size cation of hypocalcemia, so the client
and response to light. should be assessed for the subjective
B. Ask the client about numbness symptoms of hypocalcemia, such as
or tingling in the hands. numbness or tingling of the hands (B)
C. Assess the client's serum or feet. (A and C) are unrelated as-
potassium level. sessment data. (D) is contraindicated
D. Restrict dietary intake of calci- because the client is hypocalcemic and
um-rich foods. needs additional dietary calcium.
7. The daughter of an older woman B. "It's highly likely that she will recover
who became depressed following and return to her pre-illness state."
the death of her husband asks,
"My mother was always well-ad-
justed until my father died. Will
she tend to be sick from now on?"
Which response is best for the
nurse to provide?
A. "She is almost sure to be less
able to adapt than before."
B. "It's highly likely that she will
recover and return to her pre-ill-
ness state."
C. "If you can interest her in some-
thing besides religion, it will help
her stay well."
D. "Cultural strains contribute to
each woman's tendencies for re-
currences of depression."
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8. When assessing a client with B. The clamp on the urinary drainage
an indwelling urinary catheter, bag is open.
which observation requires the
most immediate intervention by
the nurse?
A. The drainage tubing is secured
over the siderail.
B. The clamp on the urinary
drainage bag is open.
C. There are no dependent loops
in the drainage tubing.
D. The urinary drainage bag is at-
tached to the bed frame.
9. A 75-year-old client who has a D. Determine who is legally empowered
history of end stage renal fail- to make decisions.
ure and advanced lung cancer, re-
cently had a stroke. Two days ago
the healthcare provider discon-
tinued the client's dialysis treat-
ments, stating that death is in-
evitable, but the client is disori-
ented and will not sign a DNR di-
rective. What is the priority nurs-
ing intervention?
A. Review the client's most recent
laboratory reports.
B. Refer the client and family
members for hospice care.
C. Notify the hospital ethics com-
mittee of the client situation.
D. Determine who is legally em-
powered to make decisions.
10. The nurse is providing passive D. Cradle the client's heel.
range of motion (ROM) exercises
to the hip and knee for a client
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