Exam (elaborations)
Medical Terminology. Cancer Questions and Answers
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Medical Terminology. Cancer
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Medical Terminology. Canceroncologist - answer cancer specialist
oncology - answer study of tumors
good news vs. bad news (cancer) - answer1. benign vs. malignant
2. low grade vs. high grade
3. radiosensitive vs. radioresistant
4. no metastases vs. metastases
5. well differentiated vs. poorly differentiated
6. negative nodes vs. positive nodes
7. in remission vs. relapse
8. surgically respectable vs. inoperable
malignant - answer"evil"
1. cancerous tumors
2. life-threatening
3. invasive
4. metastasize
benign - answer"good"
non-life threatening tumors, non-invasive, don't metastasize
tumor - answermasses of cells that have slipped the bonds of control of cell
multiplication
invasive - answerspread into surrounding organs
results in penetration, compression and destruction of surrounding tissues causing
problems such as loss of organ function (liver, kidneys), difficulty breathing (lungs),
obstruction (intestines), possible catastrophic bleeding and severe pain
metastasize - answertravel to other areas of the body to form new tumors
carcinoma - answermost common form of cancer
1. develops from sheets of cells that cover a surface (ex: skin) or line a body cavity (ex:
glandular lining of stomach)
2. tumors may appear in prostate, lung, stomach, liver
, 3. term usually appears in name of tumor
sarcoma - answerrare form of cancer arising from connective and supportive tissues
(ex: bone, fat, muscle)
1. affect bone, fat, other areas
2. term doesn't always appear in name of tumor
tumor biopsies - answertissue samples examined microscopically to determine the type
and degree of tumor development
1. grading scale
-grade I to IV
2. staging system
-TNM
3. grading + staging are important ways to predict prognosis + treatment
well differentiated - answertumors that still look like original source tissue
generally have a good clinical outcome
poorly differentiated - answertumor tissues have taken on a more primitive structure and
may not resemble its original tissue
generally have a poorer outcome
palpate - answerfeel
fixed - answeradherent to other structures
lymphatics - answerdrainage channels for cell fluids other than blood
tumor grading scale - answer1. starts at Grade I: well-differentiated
2. goes to Grade IV: poorly-differentiated
3. determine clinical stage with a physical exam
-can you feel the tumor?
-can you palpate the lymph nodes?
-is the tumor fixed?
4. other questions to consider
-has the tumor invaded surrounding tissue?
-involvement of lymphatics?
-has cancer mestastasized?
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