Exam (elaborations)
Cancer Prevention & Screening Questions and Answers 2024
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Cancer Prevention & Screening
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Cancer Prevention & ScreeningThe nurse is preparing a patient to have a biopsy. What documentation on the surgical
permit does the nurse ensure is correct that will improve tissue localization during the
procedure? - answer Computed tomography is a diagnostic procedure that can be
performed in combination with biopsy to improve tissue localization; this technique helps
to visualize the tumor. Craniotomy and thoracotomy are surgical procedures that are
performed when the tumor is not easily accessible. Sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic
examination, which is useful to diagnose cancer, but it does not help in tumor
localization.
A patient has a grade IV histologic tumor. What condition does the nurse determine this
patient has? - answerGrade IV of histologic classification of tumors is associated with
anaplasia. The grade I histologic classification is associated mild dysplasia. The grade
III histologic classification of tumors indicates severe dysplasia. The grade II histologic
classification of tumors is associated with moderate dysplasia.
The nurse is developing a program for a population with a high incidence of cancer and
determines that the male population would benefit. What form of cancer for males
should the nurse focus on? - answerAmong all the cancers in men, prostate cancer has
the highest incidence (29%). Lung cancer has the highest death rate among men
(29%). The incidence of colon cancer in males is 9%. Thyroid cancer is more common
in women than men.
Which cancer diagnosis for a female patient is most likely to cause death? - answerA
lung cancer diagnosis has a 26% death rate for women. Uterine, breast, and pancreatic
cancers have death rates of 15%, 4%, and 7%, respectively.
The nurse is conducting a teaching session within the community regarding cancer
prevention and detection. Which type of cancer should the nurse include based on the
highest incidence among both men and women? - answerAside from prostate cancer
for men and breast cancer for women, lung cancer has the highest incidence among
both men and women. Thyroid cancer affects 7% of women but is not ranked for men.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer; however, it ranks below lung
cancer. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma affects 5% of men and 4% of women; it also ranks
below lung cancer for both sexes.
A patient is suspected of having ovarian cancer. What oncofetal antigen does the nurse
anticipate seeing when the laboratory results return? - answerOncofetal antigens are a
type of tumor antigens. They are found on both the surfaces and the inside of cancer
cells and fetal cells. These antigens are an expression of the shift of cancerous cells to
a more immature pathway, which is associated with fetal periods of life. CA-125 is the
oncofetal antigen found in ovarian carcinoma. CA-15-3 is the oncofetal antigen found in
, breast cancer. CA-19-9 is the oncofetal antigen found in pancreatic and gall bladder
cancers. CA-27-29 is found in breast cancer.
When discussing cancer diagnoses with a patient, which should the nurse identify as
the only definitive method? - answerPathologic examinations are the only definitive
method for cancer diagnosis. Genetic markers, radiographic studies, and endoscopic
examinations may all be used in the diagnostic process, but these methods are not
definitive for the diagnosis of cancer on their own.
The nurse is caring for a patient awaiting the results of a diagnostic study for cancer.
Which nursing intervention can help decrease the patient's anxiety? - answerProviding
the patient and family written information in simple terms will help to decrease anxiety
since this information is easily understandable. They will also be able to reference it at a
later date if necessary. The purpose of diagnostic tests should be explained in simple,
easy-to-understand language. Everyone who may have cancer does not experience the
same feelings. Waiting until after the diagnosis to discuss questions does not promote a
healing relationship with the family. It allows incorrect information to contribute to
increased anxiety over time.
The nurse is educating a student nurse about the seven warning signs of cancer. Which
warning sign stated by the student nurse indicates the student requires further
education? - answerSevere headache is not a warning sign of cancer. Severe
headache may indicate a stroke. Indigestion may indicate stomach cancer. Unusual
bleeding may indicate uterine cancer. Difficulty in swallowing may indicate esophageal
cancer.
The diagnostic reports of a patient indicate cancer in the pancreas and gallbladder.
Which oncofetal antigen is specific for this type of cancer? - answerCancers of the
pancreas and gall bladder have specific oncofetal antigens, CA-19-9. CA-125 is the
oncofetal antigen specific to ovarian cancer. CA-15-3 and CA-27-9 are the oncofetal
antigens specific to breast cancer.
The diagnostic reports of a patient indicate a benign tumor in the glandular epithelium.
What does the nurse document in this patient's medical record? - answerAn adenoma is
a benign tumor in the glandular epithelium. A benign tumor in the cartilage is called a
chondroma. A benign tumor in the nervous tissue meninges is called a meningioma. A
benign tumor in the striated muscle is called a rhabdomyoma.
A patient is diagnosed with carcinoma in situ. What tumor classification does the nurse
observe on the medication record? - answerThe TNM classification system is used to
determine the anatomic extent of the disease involvement according to three
parameters: tumor size and invasiveness, presence or absence of regional spread to
lymph nodes, and metastases. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) has its own designation in the
system (T is) because it has all the histologic characteristics of cancer except invasion,
which is a primary feature of the TNM staging system. T 0 is the designation used when
there is no evidence of a primary tumor. T X is the designation used for tumors that
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