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Chapter 10. Causes of Cancer Questions and Answers Graded A+
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Chapter 10. Causes of Cancer
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Chapter 10. Causes of CancerCancer - answer-genetic but not necessarily inherited
-evidence for exposure to carcinogens:
1. laboratory studies
2. epidemiological studies
-contributing factors to cancer :
1. Aging
2. Gender
3. Viruses
causes of cancer - answer-risk depends on interaction between inherited and
environmental factors
-at level of cell, its genetic b/c primary basis of cancer is mutations, and mutations are
genetic events
-but most of genetic changes that cause cancer occur in somatic cells, not in
reproductive cells
-these genetic changes (events) aren't transmitted to future generations
-they are genetic events, but not inherited
Inherited Cancer - answer-only when genetic changes occur in reproductive cells, they
are inherited (passed from generation to generation)
-ex) inherited breast cancer
*cancer-causing genes found in individuals w/ this cancer
*inherited mutations are carried in DNA of reproductive cells
*they are present in all offspring's body cells
causes of cancer continued - answer-although at level of cell cancer is genetic,
frequency & consequences of genetic mutations can be altered by environmental
factors
-environmental factors affect cancer: agents that cause cancer are called carcinogens
-carcinogens cause cancer by increasing frequency of mutations in somatic cells
-evidence for exposure to carcinogens come from laboratory and epidemiological
studies
1. Laboratory studies are conducted in live animals or in vitro - answer-en experimental
animals, many agents cause cancer
-dosage may be a problem
-ex) certain chemicals cause certain types of cancer (saccharin caused bladder cancer
in rats)
*cigarette smoke causes lung cancer
*asbestos causes mesothelioma: mesothelium is lining that protects vital organs of body
(plural, peritoneal, pericaridal mesothelium)
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