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Comd 5070- Final Exam Prep questions with answers
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Comd 5070- Final Exam Prep questions with answers
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Comd 5070- Final Exam Prep questionswith answers
what is science? [4 features of the scientific method] - correct answers✔✔• Empirical - based on data
• Deterministic- obeys physical laws
• Predictive- If you do then this will happen
• Parsimonious- uses the simplest explanation
as possible
the scientific method is _______, ________, ________, and ________ - correct answers✔✔empirical,
deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
science is ________: based on data- we collect data and then interpret it; we have to make sense of the
behavior that we're trying to understand - correct answers✔✔empirical
science is __________: things obey physical laws; not random in terms of cause and effect, and can draw
generalizations from data that we can extend on to other situations we have not yet experienced -
correct answers✔✔deterministic
science is ________: if a given phenomenon occurs, it can influence another one; represents cause and
effect relationships - correct answers✔✔predictive
science is _________: uses the simplest explanation versus making it unnecessarily convoluted - correct
answers✔✔parsimonious
how many semitones in one octave, two octaves, how many Hz in an octave, etc. - correct answers✔✔•
12 semitones in one octave
• 24 semitones in 2 octaves.
• octaves work in doubling; example 500-1000
is 1 octave 2000-4000 is another octave
,there are _______ semitones in 1 octave
-each semitone is a _________ step- each step upward is _______ than the last (about 5.9%)
-no semitones are physically identical in Hz, but they SOUND equal in step size, because our human
perception of sound is nonlinear - correct answers✔✔12, nonlinear, bigger
an _________ is the doubling or halving of a frequency
e.g. if you have a 400 Hz base and you went up an octave, you would reach _______ Hz, and if you went
down an octave you would reach _______ Hz - correct answers✔✔octave, 800, 200
Sampling rate [how does it relate to playback quality, frequencies saved in a recording, Nyquist, aliasing -
correct answers✔✔• Sampling rate is a snapshot. The more samples the better it is. Sample rate is in Hz
so if you have 10 samples per second it would be 10 Hz recording.
• The higher sampling rate gives better truth. Higher sampling rate requires bigger files, which has more
memory usage more disk space for storage, more processing time for computations.
• Nyquist is half the sample rate. This means you need to get twice the sample of a rate you want. For
example, if you want a 10 Hz recording you need to get a sample rate of 20 Hz recording. If you go with a
lower quality sample rate you would have a longer time and if you would go with a higher quality you
will have a shorter time.
• Compact discs/mp3-44.1 kHz which is 22,050 Hz.
the frequency rate with which numbers are stored to represent the analog symbol being sampled is
called the ________ ____________, specified in Hz
-the #s represent amplitude values - correct answers✔✔sampling rate
the sample rate for compact discs is _________, this means that the sounds played back from the
compact disc can go up to ___________ - correct answers✔✔44,100 Hz, 22,050 Hz
,_________ ________ sounds get lost in a recording with a low sampling rate, and get misrepresented as
_______ _________ sounds, AKA ___________ - correct answers✔✔high frequency, low frequency,
aliasing
_______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents
i.e. using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even reaching the digitized system so
that they won't contaminate the lower frequency recording by being represented as an alias - correct
answers✔✔anti-aliasing
What are the filter types? - correct answers✔✔High pass Filter
Low Pass Filter
Band Pass Filter
Band Reject Filter
a ______ _______ filter allows high frequencies through and holds back the lower frequencies - correct
answers✔✔high pass
a _______ ________ filter allows low frequencies through and holds back the higher frequencies -
correct answers✔✔low pass
a _______ _________ filter allows a band of frequencies in the middle through, and holds back both
higher and lower frequencies - correct answers✔✔band pass
a _________ ________ filter holds back a band of frequencies in the middle and allows both higher and
lower frequencies through - correct answers✔✔band reject
disordered voice- disordered vocal fold movement- change in ________
disordered articulation- abnormal movement of the articulators- change in ________ - correct
answers✔✔source, filter
, a ____ ______ ________ is what you see when you have a microphone recording in front of you. it
represents sound directly- that is, how air pressure changes over time (y-axis amplitude, x-axis time). if
you subject it to a fourier transform, you get a _____ _______ _____ ________ - correct
answers✔✔time domain waveform, frequency domain spectrum display
a _________ __________ is a line spectrum that shows the frequency components of a sound (y-axis
amplitude, x-axis frequency)
-there is no energy between the harmonics - correct answers✔✔frequency domain
Speech spectrogram axes:
x axis is _________
y axis is _________
darkness indicates ___________ - correct answers✔✔time, frequency, intensity
______ ________: single line on a spectrum
______ _______ ________: multiple lines on a spectrum - correct answers✔✔sine wave, complex
periodic signals
the ___________ ___________ on a noise spectrum is a representation of where the tops of all the
individual sine waves appear and can show us the relative strength of the different frequency
components of the noise - correct answers✔✔spectral envelope
Random cycle to cycle duration differences
Frequency perturbation - correct answers✔✔jitter
Rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and amplitude. - correct answers✔✔tremor
Random cycle to cycle amplitude differences
Amplitude perturbation - correct answers✔✔shimmer
Much slower than random cycle to cycle perturbation - correct answers✔✔modulation
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