______ refers to changes in behavior, cognitions, values, language, cultural activities, personal relational styles, and beliefs as a cultural minority group encounters the dominant culture. - ️️Acculturation
______ refers to the often unconscious and unearned power, access to resources, advan...
______ refers to changes in behavior, cognitions, values, language, cultural activities, personal relational
styles, and beliefs as a cultural minority group encounters the dominant culture. - ✔ ✔ Acculturation
______ refers to the often unconscious and unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social
position based on cultural group memberships. - ✔ ✔ Privilege
_______ is concerned with the perception of one's multiple racial identities as unique and separate from
one another. - ✔ ✔ Racial distance
_______ occurs when social, political, economic, and other institutional entities and processes
intentionally or unintentionally place barriers on development, wellness, dignity, and human potential. -
✔ ✔ Structural violence
_______ refers to the intentional setting aside of the counselor's personal values in order to provide
ethical and appropriate counseling to all clients. - ✔ ✔ Ethical bracketing
_______ represented an unethical practice initiated during the middle of the 18thcentury through the
beginning of the 20th Century where pseudoscientists played an integral role in promulgating myths
that indigenous non-Whites were racially inferior. - ✔ ✔ Scientific racism
________ are individuals whose biological parents or whose lineage are of two or more different socially
constructed racial backgrounds. - ✔ ✔ Multiracial individuals
________ is concerned with one's perception of the existence of conflict between their multiple racial
identities. - ✔ ✔ Racial conflict
__________ allows a counselor to remain grounded in their client conceptualization while exploring new
ways to apply theory. - ✔ ✔ Theoretical adaptation
__________ approaches to counseling appear most effective for U.S. Latinas/os. - ✔ ✔ Cognitive-
behavioral
_____ refers to prematurely holding a belief or attitude without appropriate examination or
consideration of actual data, while _____ refers to covert and overt behaviors based on generalizations
about individuals' cultural group memberships. - ✔ ✔ Prejudice; discrimination
______ counseling approaches may be useful for Arab American clients because these approaches allow
clients to tell their story and be heard, understood, and validated. - ✔ ✔ Constructivist
______ culture refers to commonalities shared by all cultures and humankind. - ✔ ✔ Universal
, ______ entails altering the expression of one's racial/ethnic identity depending upon the environmental
context. - ✔ ✔ Shifting racial/ethnic expression
_____ involves the act of imposing on an individual or group an object, label, role, experience, or living
condition that is unwanted and causes physical and psychological pain. - ✔ ✔ Oppression by force
_____ is the arbitrary, socially constructed classification of individuals often based on physical
distinctions. - ✔ ✔ Race
______ is an ongoing, multidimensional, and dynamic process inherent to the development and
maintenance of an institutionalized, hierarchical racial classification system. - ✔ ✔ Racism
______ is the act of defying traditional social norms and conventions of race perpetuated in U.S. society
in response to inquiries about one's racial/ethnic identity. - ✔ ✔ Racial resistance
______ is/are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities
(intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, negative racial slights and insults to
the target person or group. - ✔ ✔ Racial microaggressions
______ refers to aspects of spiritual experience (e.g., beliefs, creeds, dogma) that are used as a
framework to find meaning and purpose in life, while ______ is more complex and often involves
physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual breakthroughs. - ✔ ✔ Translation; transformation
__________ functions to systematically and narrowly define gender roles. - ✔ ✔ Heterosexism
__________ is an example of White privilege. - ✔ ✔ Watching television shows and seeing Whites
portrayed in a positive manner
__________ is applied to counseling settings with cross-racial dyads of clients and counselors, client
racial preferences for counselors, and supervisor-supervisee cross-racial pairings; and used to explore
how racial identity can change over the life span. - ✔ ✔ Cross Model of Black Racial Identity
__________ is closest the counseling notion of "rapport." - ✔ ✔ Confianza
__________ is NOT a member of the League of Arab States. - ✔ ✔ Afghanistan
__________ is NOT one of the first three forces of counseling. - ✔ ✔ Gestalt
__________ is the process by which those who are powerless and marginalized become aware of the
power dynamics and develop the skills to gain control over their lives and work toward empowering
others. - ✔ ✔ Empowerment
__________ is the social process of becoming excluded from or existing outside of mainstream society
or a given group. - ✔ ✔ Marginalization
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