HSC 308 Final Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
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Course
HSC 308
Institution
HSC 308
HSC 308 Final Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
What guidelines would you give for optimal weight loss? - Answer Optimal weight loss: dec. fat mass, inc. FFM
Moderate caloric restriction + exercise
Caloric deficit ~200 to 500 kcal / day
Lose no more than 0.5 to ...
HSC 308 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers)
What guidelines would you give for optimal weight loss? - Answer ✔ Optimal weight
loss: dec. fat mass, inc. FFM
Moderate caloric restriction + exercise
Caloric deficit ~200 to 500 kcal / day
Lose no more than 0.5 to 1 kg / week
When near goal, slow weight loss further
What is BMI, how is it calculated, and what are the categories? - Answer ✔ Body mass
index
Body weight in kg/(height in m)2
Underweight, normal, overweight, obesity, extreme obesity
What is RMR/TEM/TEA? - Answer ✔ RMR
Body's metabolic rate in the early morning
60%-75% of total energy expenditure
TEM
Energy expended to digest and store nutrients.
10% of total energy expenditure
Possibly defective in obese individuals
TEA
Energy expended to accomplish activities
15%-30% of total energy expenditure
What is the etiology of obesity? - Answer ✔ Physiological factors
Heredity (genetics)
Hormonal imbalances
Altered basic homeostatic mechanisms
Lifestyle factors
Cultural habits
Inadequate physical activity
Improper diet
What is energy balance? - Answer ✔ key to weight loss or prevention of weight gain -
energy in vs energy out
List 4 health problems associated with obesity. - Answer ✔ Type 2 diabetes
, Sleep apnea
Hypertension
Stroke/ CV disease
What is the recommended healthy weight loss? - Answer ✔ Loss not to exceed 1-2 lb
per week
Describe the role of PA in weight management. - Answer ✔ Both aerobic and resistance
training -> weight loss
Body composition altered by exercise
Long-term kilocalorie deficit
Long-term fat loss
EPOC -> inc. postexercise metabolism
What is the placebo effect and why should it be considered during research projects? -
Answer ✔ Placebo: inactive substance that looks like the real thing
Expectations affect physiological response
Double-blind experimental design
How is a double-blind research design used to avoid the placebo effect? - Answer ✔
Participants don't know if they are in the control group or not. Researchers don't know
either to make it double blind
Describe 2 factors that can limit the effectiveness of research projects on ergogenic
aids. - Answer ✔ Studies can miss small effects
Equipment inaccuracy
For two ergogenic aids, list the proposed benefits, the demonstrated effects and
possible risks. - Answer ✔ - Bicarbonate
Proposed benefits:
Increased blood pH and buffering capacity
Delayed onset of anaerobic fatigue
Demonstrated effects:
300 mg / kg à á all-out performance for 1 to 7 min
Enhanced H+ removal from muscle fibers
Possible risks:
GI discomfort (bloating, cramping)
Sodium citrate à similar results without risks
- b-Alanine
proposed benefits:
Increased intracellular buffering
demonstrated effects:
Increased muscle cell carnosine levels
possible risks:
Paresthesia (tingling of the skin)
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