HSC 308 Exam 3 Questions with All Correct Answers
What is muscle plasticity? - Answer- The muscles' ability to change its structure and function
How is motor unit recruitment linked to improvements in muscular strength? - Answer- It facilitates contraction, produces more forceful contractions,...
What is muscle plasticity? - Answer- The muscles' ability to change its structure and
function
How is motor unit recruitment linked to improvements in muscular strength? - Answer- It
facilitates contraction, produces more forceful contractions, improves rates of force
development, and increases capability to exert steady forces.
~Synchronous contractions leads to strength gains.s Improvements in muscular
strength lead from increase motor unit recruitment, rate coding, and a decrease in
inhibitory impulses.
How can autogenic inhibition potentially improve muscular strength?
[OP1]Explain what it is, how it works and then resistance training decreases it - Answer-
Golgi tendons organs telling the muscle to relax to prevent injury, inhibits the muscle
contraction and prevents damage to bones/tendons. Training decreases it and muscles
generate more force from it as well.
Describe the differences between chronic and transient hypertrophy. - Answer-
Transient hypertrophy is acute and right after a workout that only lasts a few hours due
to edema, while chronic hypertrophy is long term structural change of the muscle that
stays.
Describe the differences between hypertrophy and hyperplasia. - Answer- Hypertrophy
is the increasing size of muscle fibers in the body, while hyperplasia is the increasing
number of muscle fibers
~Hypertrophy can lead to hyperplasia
Describe the satellite cell response to muscle injury. - Answer- Proliferate in the
damage, fusing to the myofibers causing hypertrophy, align and fuse to produce new
myofibers (hyperplasia), and provide additional nuclei
Describe the potential fiber type changes following resistance training. - Answer- Type II
fibers become more oxidative with aerobic training
Type I fibers become more anaerobic with anerobic training
Type IIx to type IIa also with resistance training
List 3 pieces of diet advice you would give to a client looking to gain muscular fitness. -
Answer- 20-25 grams of protein after resistance training to gain muscular growth
, 1.6-1.7 grams of protein / kg for body weight a day for increasing muscular mass
Small doses of 20 grams every 2-3 hours for protein synthesis
Larger (20-25g) doses right after resistance training
List 3 ways that mTOR can be activated to help increase skeletal muscle protein
synthesis. - Answer- Proper timing of protein intake. Such as intaking Leucine after
exercise
Resistance training
Stimulated by insulin
When is it safe for children to start lifting weights? - Answer- As young as 7 if they use
proper technique, have a developed concept, work with light volume, and the ability to
follow instructions
List 2 adaptation differences from strength training between young and old adults. -
Answer- Older adults have neural adaptations, smaller gains than younger adults, and a
decreased mTOR signaling response, while younger adults have larger gains and a
higher mTOR signaling response.
Define cardiorespiratory endurance. - Answer- The ability to sustain, prolonged dynamic
exercise due to the interaction of the cardiorespiratory system and muscle
How do changes in heart size improve VO2max? - Answer- Heart size leads to other
increases such as the LV volume which leads to an increase in stroke volume, plasma
volume, contractility, and EDV, which ultimately improves VO2 max
What happens to stroke volume-after aerobic training and what causes the change? -
Answer- It increases. Contractions are more forceful with increased LV mass, as
plasma vol increases leading to higher EDV and preload. Decreased HR leads to an
increased filling time.
What happens to heart rate following aerobic training? - Answer- The heart rate will
decrease at rest and during submaximal exercise. Slight decrease or no change at max
Following aerobic training we see little change in submaximal CO[ , despite
improvements in performance. Explain? - Answer- HR and SV interact to optimize
cardiac output. HR decrese and SV increases meaning little change in submaximal CO
What adaptations occur to increase blood flow to active muscles? - Answer- Increased
capillarization (capillary recruitment)
Decreased blood flow to inactive regions and increased to active regions
Increased total blood volume (preventing decreased venous return)
What adaptations occur in the muscle to increase VO2max? - Answer- Fiber type
(increase size and number of type I fibers (type II to type I))
Type IIx may perform more like type IIa
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