2025 RESPIRATORY- CPAN PACU MINUTES
REVIEW TEST WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
what are some examples of external restrictions that reduce lung
ventilation and perfusion? Correct Answer ascites, pregnancy,
obesity, trauma, neuro- guillian barre
what is a pneumothorax? Correct Answer is a collection of air
outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air
accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the
chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and
make it collapse.
What is a hemothorax? Correct Answer accumulation of blood in
the pleural space (injury or trauma is common cause)
PE dx and causes Correct Answer blockage of pulmonary artery
or tributary
causes - venous embolus, fat embolus, air embolus, amniotic
embolus
AVM (arterial venous malformation) pulmonary origin - dx Correct
Answer malformed vasculature between arteries and veins
lacking a capillary bed to transfer from high pressure to low
pressure
AVMs can burst and cause pulmonary hemorrhage and acute
hypoxia
,Biot's respirations and potential causes Correct Answer irregular
with apnea (often neurological injury cause - stroke, tbi, icp,
herniation - pressure on brainstem)
cheyene stokes and potential causes Correct Answer
progressive increased depth with periods of apnea
(CNS disease, CHF, central sleep apnea)
kussmaul Correct Answer fast, deep, labored. hyperventilation to
compensate for DKA or metabolic acidosis
asymmetrical breathing could indicate what Correct Answer
pneumothorax
Paradoxical breathing pattern Correct Answer chest wall moves
in with inhalation and out with exhalation; due to chest trauma or
paralysis of the diaphragm
intercostal muscle and abdominal use for breathing
(COPD, laryngospasms)
rales def and causes Correct Answer fluid in lungs (chf, post op
pulm edema)
Rhonci def and causes Correct Answer Rattling noise of mucous
in the lungs
COPD, emphysema
stridor (def and causes insp. and exp.) Correct Answer is noisy
breathing that occurs due to obstructed air flow through a
narrowed airway
pleural rub Correct Answer scratchy sound produced by pleural
surfaces rubbing against each other
VATS (video assisted thoracoscopy surgery) - types of procedure
that can be done Correct Answer -rib resection
-pleurectomy
decortication (removal of hard rind/pleural of the lung and
drainage of empyema/pus
-bullectomy - emphysema, bulla removal
-mediastinal lymph node biopsy
-tumor resections
-biopsy
-during surgery, double lumen ETT placed; affected lung is
maintained with PEEP and intermittent ventilation - keep
operative lung open throughout surgery
RATS (robotic assisted thoracic surgery Correct Answer surgeon
controls instrument from console
-during surgery double lumen ETT placed to maintain affected
lung
complications of VATS&RATS Correct Answer -conversion to
open thoracotomy 4.7%
-injury to diaphragm, liver, spleen
-hemorrhage 1.1% pulmonary artery bleed
-ARDS
-bronchopleural fistula (between bronchi and pleura)
bronchoscopy Correct Answer flexible fiberoptic lighted scope to
visualized airways and intervention
-removal of foreign object, food
-bronchoalevolar lavage (ex. if removing cancer)
-fine needle aspiration
-biopsies to stage cancer
-EBUS - endobronchial ultrasound
-TBNA transbronchial needle aspiration
-done under MAC
pre-admission screening prior to respiratory surgeries - things to
educate and teach pts Correct Answer -quit smoking 8 weeks
prior to surgery, nicotine patch
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