HSC 308 Exam 1 Questions and Answers All Correct
What is the purpose of a neurotransmitter used for neuron to muscle communication - Answer- Carry AP signal across synaptic cleft
What is the effect of exercise on PGC1 used during exercise - Answer- - increases branching of the presynaptic term...
What is the purpose of a neurotransmitter used for neuron to muscle communication -
Answer- Carry AP signal across synaptic cleft
What is the effect of exercise on PGC1 used during exercise - Answer- - increases
branching of the presynaptic terminal motor neuron
- increases the number of presynaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine
- increases the number of acetycoline receptors in the cell membrane
- decreases the size of motor end plate
What brain lobe controls skeletal movement - Answer- Frontal lobe
What part of the brain is associated with sustained or repetitive movements such as
running - Answer- Basal ganglia
What part of the brain regulates the internal environment - Answer- Hypothalamus
What important role in body movement does the cerebellum play - Answer- Coordinates
timing and sequence of movements
What are the two major divisions of the PNS and their differences - Answer- - sensory
(afferent) receive
- motor (efferent) send
What are the major families of sensory receptors - Answer- - mechanoreceptors
- thermoreceptors
- nociceptors
- photoreceptors
- chemoreceptors
Parasympathetic system affects (rest and digest) - Answer- - increased digestion and
urination
- decreased heart rate and diameter of vessels and airways
, - conserve energy
Describe the sensory motor integration response to touching the tip of a pin - Answer- 1.
Pin prick sensed by nociceptors
2. Action potential sent on nociceptor neurons to CNS
3. CNA interprets and sends signal to pull hand away
4. Motor AP sent out
5. Motor AP arrives at skeletal muscle, hand is pulled away
What is a motor unit - Answer- A motor neurom and all fibers it innervates
Describe the role of calcium during muscle contraction - Answer- Ca2+ binds to
troponin, the troponin Ca2+ complex moves allowing myosin and actin to bind
What is the role of Titin in the sarcomere - Answer- Binds with Ca2+ increasing muscle
force, stabilizes sarcomere, centers myosin
Major differences between Type I and Type II fibers - Answer- - Type 1(marathon
runner): small motor neuron, low sarcoplasmic reticulum development
- Type 2(sprinter): larger motor neuron, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum development
What is the order of muscle fiber recruitment - Answer- Type I, Type IIa, Type IIx
What is the size principle - Answer- Order of recruitment motor units directly related to
size of a motor neuron
Describe the length-tension relationship - Answer- The muscle needs to be in optimal
position to generate force, too short or too little will result in little or no force
What is the relation between calories, kcals, and Calories - Answer- 1,000 calories =
1kcal = 1 Calorie
Where are the main carbohydrate stores in the body - Answer- - Liver
- Blood
- Muscle
Where are the main fat stores in the body - Answer- - stomach
- brain
What is the mass action effect of substrate metabolism - Answer- More available
substrate = higher pathway activity
Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways - Answer- Facilitate the breakdown
of substrates and lower the activation energy for a chemical reaction
Describe ATP breakdown - Answer- ATP + Water + ATPase -> ADP + Pi + energy
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