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BA 300 Session 1 Austin SDSU Exam/33 Complete Q’s and A’s
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BA 300 Session 1 Austin SDSU Exam/33 Complete Q’s and A’s
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BA 300 Session 1 Austin SDSUExam/33 Complete Q’s and A’s
characteristics of individuals - -cognitive biases
individual differences
- process of ethical decision-making behavior - -1) moral awareness
2) ethical judgment
3) ethical behavior
- characteristics of organizations - -group/organizational pressures
organizational culture
- moral awareness - -likely to recognize moral issue when
-peers consider it morally problematic
-moral language is used when problem is presented
-decision could cause serious harm to others
- sound ethical decision-making - -1) gather the facts
2) define the ethical issues
3) identify the affected parties
4) identify the consequences
5) identify the obligations
6) consider your character and integrity
7) think creatively about potential actions
8) check your gut
- ways that an organization shapes the ethical behavior of an individual - -1)
who shapes your ethical decisions;
2) the Pygmalion effect about how expectations affect the quality of those
decisions
3) how rewards and punishments systems encourage or discourage ethical
behavior
4) the specific role of goals in ethical conduct
5) diffusion of responsibility, about how spreading the work may let people
off the hook for the ethical consequences of their individual behavior
6) the way the role the organization assigns individuals may influence the
quality of the ethical decisions they make
- who affects our ethical decision making? - -peers and superiors
- the pygmalion effect - --when we expect certain behaviors of others, we
are likely to act in ways that make the expected behavior more likely to
occur
, -applied to the business setting, if your supervisor cues you that she expects
you to be upright and honest in using the company's resources, you are
likely to behave accordingly
- rewards and punishments - -determine how people behave
reward - encourage ethical behavior
punishment - frowns upon unethical behavior
- goals - --focus on individual/team/company to think creatively
-may lead people to cut corners if company focuses on meeting goal
regardless of ethical behavior
- diffusion of responsibility - --taken away
-shared w/ others
-obscured by organizational hierarchy
-diluted by psychological distance to potential victims
- roles and deindividuation - --may reduce individual sense of responsibility
-process by which an individual minimizes his or her personal responsibility
for an action by focusing on his or her assigned role
- discrimination laws - --title XII
-fair employment and housing act
-prohibits discrimination based on race gender religion etc
- whistleblower laws - --prohibit employers from firing employees for
communicating company's misconduct to government officials
-governments often encourages/incentivizes people to whistleblow
- federal organizational sentencing guidelines - --manage corporate crime
-dramatic increase in in-house ethics officers to ensure compliance with
ethical rules/laws
-"The sentencing guidelines use a 'carrot and stick' approach to managing
corporate crime. The carrot provides incentives to organizations to develop a
strong internal control system to detect and manage illegal behavior. The
stick provides for severe punishment for organizations that are convicted of
crimes and were not proactively managing legal compliance within the
organization."
- cognitive biases - --fact gathering: overconfidence in your knowledge of
facts; confirmation trap
-looking at consequences: reduced number of consequences; self vs. others'
consequences; escalation of commitment; consequences as risk
-thinking about integrity: illusion of superiority; ethics of your profession
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