The Heart Final Exam Study Guide Test.
Trace the pathway of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Superior and Inferior vena cava
2) Right Atrium
3) tricuspid valves
4) right ventricle
5)pulmonary semiluner
6) Pulmonary ateries
7) lungs
8pulmonary veins
9) left atrium
10) Bi...
The Heart Final Exam Study Guide Test.
Trace the pathway of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Superior and Inferior vena cava
2) Right Atrium
3) tricuspid valves
4) right ventricle
5)pulmonary semiluner
6) Pulmonary ateries
7) lungs
8pulmonary veins
9) left atrium
10) Bicuspid valves
11) left venticle
12)Aorta back to the body
Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary Circulation carries
deoxygenated blood to the lungs to receive oxygen, while the Systemic Circulation carries the
oxygenated blood throughout the body so the oxygen can be used, returning to the Pulmonary
Circulation as deoxygenated blood.
Explain the operation of the heart vavles - CORRECT ANSWER The upper two are the right and left atria.
The lower two are the right and left ventricles. Blood is pumped through the chambers, aided by four
heart valves. The valves open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction.
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to
drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery CONTRACTION
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when
the chambers fill with blood
RELAXATION
, Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
Cardiac cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one
heart beat to the beginning of the next; an electrical impulse conducted through the heart muscle that
constricts the atria which is followed by constriction of the ventricles) "the cardiac cycle can be shown
on an electrocardiogram"
Heart sounds (on NC) - CORRECT ANSWER First Heart Sound S1, Second heart sound S2, Third heart
sound, S3, Fourth heart sound.. S4, lub- closing of atrioventricular valves when ventricles contract, dup-
closing of semilunar valves when ventricles relax
murmur - CORRECT ANSWER an abnormal sound of the heart; sometimes a sign of abnormal function of
the heart valves
Explain what information can be gained from an electrocardiogram (EKG) - CORRECT ANSWER The
underlying rate and rhythm mechanism of the heart.
The orientation of the heart (how it is placed) in the chest cavity.
Evidence of increased thickness (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle.
Evidence of damage to the various parts of the heart muscle.
Evidence of acutely impaired blood flow to the heart muscle.
Patterns of abnormal electric activity that may predispose the patient to abnormal cardiac rhythm
disturbances.
Describe the effect stimulation by the vagus nerve has on heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER The vagus
never innervates the heart and affects the SA node. Otto Loewi discovered that the vagus nerve through
the action of Ach (a
Describe the effect exercise has on heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER Your heart rate increases directly as
you increase your exercise intensity, until you are near the point of exhaustion as in Olympic cross-
country skiing. As that point is approached, your heart rate begins to level off. This indicates that you are
approaching your maximum value. The maximum heart is the highest heart rate value you achieve in an
all-out effort to the point of exhaustion. This is a highly reliable value that remains constant from day to
day and changes only slightly from year to year.
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