Pathology Ch 1- 4 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
A disease of unknown origin is more commonly referred to as - ANSWERSidiopathic
Which of the following is an example of anatomic pathology
a. study of breast biopsy specimen
b. study of blood glucose level
c. study of the concentra...
A disease of unknown origin is more commonly referred to as - ANSWERSidiopathic
Which of the following is an example of anatomic pathology
a. study of breast biopsy specimen
b. study of blood glucose level
c. study of the concentration of electrolytes (such as sodium) in urine
d. culture of phlegm (mucous) to detect microorganisms - ANSWERSa. study of a breast biopsy specimen
a chronic disease differs from an actue disease because - ANSWERSchronic disease has a slow onset with
indistinct symptoms, while an acute disease arises rapidly with distinctive symptoms
a latent period - ANSWERSoccurs when a disease is present, but unaccompanied by signs and symptoms
True or False: A greater degree of abnormality does not increase the likelihood that disease is present -
ANSWERSFalse
Standard deviation is - ANSWERSa measure of the degree of natural variability of results
The natural history and development of the disease process is - ANSWERSpathogenesis
True or False: the cause of all disease is environmental injury or genetic defect - ANSWERSFalse: the
cause of disease can be environmental or genetics alone or a combination of the two
The number of people with a certain disease at a given moment - ANSWERSprevalence
,Heart disease is - ANSWERSmulifactoral
Using examples from the text, describe the relationship between structure and function. -
ANSWERSStructure and function are inseparably locked together. A structural change may cause a
functional disorder; likewise, a functional disorder may lead to structural change
Compare and contrast signs and symptoms. - ANSWERSSymptoms are subjective and described by the
patient, or someone else on behalf of the patient, during the medical history. Signs are objective and are
revealed during the physical, lab, X-ray, or other examination.
Sensitivity is to false positive as - ANSWERSspecificity is to false negative
What roles do our environment and our genetics play in causing disease? Consider examples along the
continuum. - ANSWERSThe causes of disease are on a continuum between environmental injury and
genetics. An example of a disease due to environment would be burns; one due to genetics would be
cystic fibrosis. Examples of both are much more common and include lung cancer, heart disease, and
high blood pressure.
Compare and contrast clinical and anatomic pathology - ANSWERSClinical pathology is the study of the
functional aspect of disease and includes measurements taken on tissue, blood, or urine (e.g., blood
glucose). Anatomic pathology is the study of structural changes, which can be assessed postmortem
(autopsy) or on living tissue taken from a patient (biopsy).
In screening a population for a lethal disease, what factors affect the type of test that you will choose?
Consider sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, and predictive value. - ANSWERSIn the case of a lethal
disease, missing the disease in a person might cause grave consequences; therefore, a test with high
sensitivity is warranted. Such a test would guarantee that no person with the disease would be missed.
The sensitive test can then be followed up with a specific test to distinguish patients with a false positive
result from a true positive result. Indeed, any false diagnosis of a lethal disease needs to be avoided.
In populations where the prevalence of a disease is high, a positive result is more likely to be truly
positive, regardless of how good the test is. Therefore, by using a sensitive test only in the part of the
population where we suspect the disease, we can increase the positive predictive value of the test. Of
course, the sensitive test should be followed by a specific test to confirm the finding.
Discuss health and sickness versus normal and abnormal in the context of true positive, false positive,
true negative, and false negative - ANSWERSHealth is the absence of disease, while sickness is its
, presence. Tests performed to detect the disease are said to be positive if the result is abnormal
(suggesting presence of disease) and negative if the result is normal (suggesting the absence of disease).
In patients where the test is positive and the disease is present, the result is said to be a "true positive."
In cases where the test is positive and the disease is absent, the result is said to be a "false positive."
Conversely, in the absence of disease (the patient is healthy), a negative result is a "true negative."
Finally, in a patient with the disease, a negative test result is said to be a "false negative."
True or false: a functional disorder can lead to a structural change - ANSWERStrue
True or False: acute disease typically begins with manifestations that are difficult to interpret -
ANSWERSfalse: chronic disease typically begins with manifestations that are difficult to interpret
what is the scientific name for a period of vague, early manifestations that herald the coming of more
pronounced disease? - ANSWERSProdromal period
What is the name for a short period of increased intensity of disease? - ANSWERSexacerbation
what is the scientific name for the cause of a disease - ANSWERSetiology
what is the scientific name for a structural abnormality of disease - ANSWERSlesion
True or False: the incidence of a disease is the number of new cases of a particular disease that appear in
a year - ANSWERSTrue
True or False: a patients ability to read ad comprehend prescription- drug information is a determinant
of health - ANSWERStrue
Is an abnormality observed by a nurse a sign or symptom? - ANSWERSsign
True or false: a biopsy is an examination of a tissue specimen to determine the cause of death -
ANSWERSFalse: a biopsy is an examination of a living tissue
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