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NUR 546 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate Answers
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NUR 546 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate AnswersCardiac Output Parameter
4-8 L/min
Cardiac Index Parameter
2.2-4 L/min/m2
Central Venous Pressure (CVP or RAP)
2-8 mmHg
Mean Arterial Pressure
70-105 mmHg
Preload
Degree of muscle fiber stretch before systole
Volume of blood in each ventricle prior to contraction
Preload: Central Venous Pressure / Right Atrial Pressure and Left Atrial Pressure
Afterload
Resistance against flow
*Related to lumen size and viscosity*
SVR and PVR
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to perfuse the body
,Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Resistance the right ventricle must overcome to perfuse lungs
Contractility
Force of ventricular contraction / how well heart is pumping
Ejection Fraction
Estimated with Stroke volume; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Index
50-70% is good
Nursing Considerations (patient) Hemodynamic Pressure Systems
Site assessment (bleeding)
Neurovascular checks
Patient positioning
Nursing Considerations (transducer) Hemodynamic Pressure Systems
Always place at phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal space, mid anterior-posterior point)
appx location of right atrium
Nursing Considerations (monitor) Hemodynamic Pressure Systems
Must be zeroed to eliminate the effects of atmospheric pressure (once per shift and
every time the patient's position is changed)
Waveform is a good indicator of problem here
Compare with non-invasive BP to confirm accuracy (10-20 mmHg expected with ABP > )
Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Setup
(from the bag to the patient)
Pressure bag
Flush solution
, 3-way stopcock
Transducer (bifurcates)
Monitor/continuous flush valve
Fast flush device
Pressure tubing
Connection for specimen collection
Catheter
Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Types
Pulmonary artery catheter (RAP, PAP, PAOP/PAWP, CO, CI, SVR, SV)
Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring types
arterial line
(ABP, CO, CI, SVR, SV)
central line
(CVP)
Intra-arterial pressure monitoring purpose
acute hypotension/hypertension, respiratory failure, shock, neurologic injury,
continuous infusion of vasoactive drugs, frequent ABGs
Common sites for art lines
Radial artery
(allen's test is used to verify collateral circulation in the extremity)
Brachial Artery
Femoral Artery
Nursing considerations for art lines
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