BIO 2C03 or BIOLOGY 2C03 – Genetics MIDTERM
EXAM 1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS new
update McMaster University
,homologous pairs and a type of organism that doesn't have them - - carry genes for the same
traits
asexual organisms
special quality of mitochondria - - have their own DNA
what is archael bacteria - - ancestral bacteria in extreme environments
gametes in animals vs. plants - - animals: sperm and eggs
plants: pollen and eggs
who identified DNA as the hereditary material - - Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
LUCA and what it gave rise to - - Last Universal Common Ancestor
-gave rise to 3 domains of life (bacteria, eukarya, archaea)
why was rRNA used to establish relationships among organisms? - - it is common to all
organisms with ribosomes
which 2 domains of life are most closely related? - - eukarya and archaea
symbiosis relationships between bacteria and eukarya - - -bacteria (mitochondria) engulfed by
animal cell provided energy for the host cell
-plant cell engulfed chloroplasts
, 3 major branches of modern genetics and their definitions - - -transmission
genetics~transmission of traits through generations (Mendel)
-evolutionary genetics~origin and genetic relationships among organisms
-molecular genetics~inheritance and variation of nucleic acids, proteins and genomes
how DNA structure was determined - - x-rays that passed through the crystallized structure
were diffracted
Chargaff's Rule - - %A=%T and %C=%G
what links nucleotides? between which groups? - - phosphodiester bond between the 5'
phosphate group of one and the 3' hydroxyl group of another
what links complementary base pairs? - - hydrogen bonds
semiconservative replication - - parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce
molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new daughter strand
how does DNA replication begin - - hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases are broken and
DNA polymerase creates a new strand in the 5'-to-3' direction
central dogma of biology - - DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
what is the only type of RNA that is translated? - - mRNA
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller smartzone. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
