USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 1 NEWEST
2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
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What is the 'crossing over' in a motor system called? -
ANSWER- pyramidal decussation
occurs at the junction between the medulla and the spinal cord
what do lesions above the pyramidal decussation mean? -
ANSWER- contralateral weakness
what do lesions below the pyramidal decussation mean? -
ANSWER- ipsilateral weakness
what do lesions in the cerebellum lead to? - ANSWER- leads to
disorders in coordination and balance aka ataxia
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what is ataxia? - ANSWER- disorder in coordination and
balance
what is the most important motor pathway in humans called? -
ANSWER- corticospinal tract aka pyramidal tract
what are the two main pathways in the spinal cord for somatic
sensation? - ANSWER- posterior column pathway
anterolateral pathway
what is the posterior column pathway? - ANSWER- conveys
proprioception, vibration sense, and fine/discriminative touch
what is the anterolateral pathway? - ANSWER- conveys pain,
temperature sense, and crude touch
what is the thalamus? - ANSWER- important relay center
nearly all pathways that project to cerebral cortex do so after
synapsing in the thalamus
what is the monosynaptic stretch reflex? - ANSWER- Reflex-arc
providing rapid local feedback for motor control
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begins with muscle spindles which detect the amount and rate of
stretch in muscles
info is then transmitted to distal processes of sensory neurons
and is conveyed via dorsal roots in spinal gray matter
in spinal gray matter, the sensory neurons form multiple
synapses including some direct synapses onto LMN's in the
anterior horn
LMN's project via ventral roots back out to muscle, causing
contraction
what happens if a pt has a lesion to the limbic system? -
ANSWER- pt may have trouble forming new memories and
lesions can also cause behavior changes
What is a unimodal association cortex? - ANSWER- higher
order processing mostly for a single sensory or motor modality
what is a heteromodal association cortex? - ANSWER- involved
in integrating functions from multiple sensory and/or motor
modalities
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What is Gerstmann's syndrome? - ANSWER- lesion in the
inferior parietal lobe in left hemisphere
causes difficulty with calculations, right-left confusion, inability
to identify fingers by name (finger agnosia) and difficulties with
written language
what is apraxia? - ANSWER- inability to perform motor
activities
abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning and
execution caused by lesions in frontal or left parietal lobe
left hemineglect is caused by lesions in the non-dominant (right
hemisphere)
ex: pt cannot brush teeth
What is anosognosia? - ANSWER- unawareness of a deficit
what are the frontal release signs? - ANSWER- primitive
reflexes that are normal in infants but abnormal in adults
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