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Instructor Manual for Essentials of Business Communication, 2nd Edition
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Instructor Manual for Essentials of Business Communication, 2nd Edition
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Instructor Manual forEssentials of Business Communication, 2nd Edition
PREPARING forYOUR FIRST CLASS
Getting your class off on theright foot takes preparation. And first impressions do count. toimpress your students with your
professionalism and themerit of your course, plan thefirst sessions, carefully incorporating some of thesuggestions that follow.
Orientation
On thefirst day, provide an orientation toyour course. Write your name and thename of thecourse on theboard (some students may be
in thewrong classroom). Take attendance, distribute your syllabus, and discuss thetextbook and supplies that students must purchase.
Explain thecourse objectives. I like touse a transparency or PowerPoint slide toshow thetitles of thechapters that will be covered in
thecourse. In this way, students know exactly what they will study. Discuss your grading scale, homework expectations, test policies,
and course rules. Ask students tohave thetextbook when they come tothenext class meeting.
First Writing Assignment
Many instructors dismiss students after a brief first-day meeting. However, this is time lost in a course that always seems torequire
more time than is available. I suggest that, after providing an orientation, you use theremainder of theperiod toask students towrite a
letter toyou. It can be a letter of introduction, telling you about their major, why they enrolled, what career plans they have, and what
they would like emphasized. Be sure tobring paper and writing tools forthis in-class assignment.
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be
categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which
simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership
income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when
dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole
proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported
on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly
impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-
member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be
reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it
relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common
deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible).
,Instead of a letter of introduction, you may prefer tohave students write a persuasive letter toyou. Tell them that they are toassume that
you have only a few openings left in your course. Those few openings will go tothestudents who write themost persuasive letters. Why
should you let them enroll?
Collect theletters and read but don’t grade them. When you teach persuasive letters (Chapter 7), return these letters tothewriters. They
will be surprised at how much they have learned about writing letters and persuading individuals.
When you return these letters, you’ll have a chance totalk about writing from thereader’s point of view. Most of theletters will be
filled with self-centered reasons forenrolling (―I need this course formy major,‖ or ―I need toimprove my skills toget a job‖). Few of
thewriters will have included any reader benefits. forexample, one persuasive rationale might have been toconvince you that thewriter
is a good student who could have made your teaching life easier because he or she learns so easily. Not only will you have a great deal
of good material touse in discussing persuasive strategies, but students will see immediately how much they have already learned
about writing business messages.
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities
can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040,
Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form
1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on
profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of
corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed
at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also
subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the
number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1.
Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it
straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The
IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g.,
meals are typically only 50% deductible).
CHAPTER 1—TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
FACING TODAY’S COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES
Synopsis
Succeeding in today’s world of work requires awareness of themany changes taking place, including flattened management
hierarchies, more participatory management, increased emphasis on self-directed work teams, heightened global competition,
innovative communication technologies, and new work environments. Chapter 1 shows students how important communication skills
are in thechanging workplace. It introduces business communication by analyzing theprocess of communication and illustrating it with
a communication model. It discusses techniques forimproving listening and nonverbal communication skills. Because theAmerican
workplace now includes people from many diverse cultures and because business is expanding into global markets, this chapter
introduces a discussion of cross-cultural issues. Students learn four key dimensions of North American culture and ways toimprove
cross-cultural communication. thechapter also presents techniques fordeveloping effective communication among diverse workplace
audiences.
,Lesson Plan
1. Present an overview of Chapter 1 by discussing thechapter objectives shown on thefirst page of thechapter.
2. Discuss some of thetrends in thenew workplace, using thetransparency or PowerPoint slide provided toaccompany Chapter 1.
Emphasize thepivotal role that communication plays in all of these trends. forthemost effective and efficient instruction, I
recommend ample use of transparencies or PowerPoint presentation slides. However, if you prefer chalkboard and/or lecture
methods, use thedata from each transparency as a lecture outline.
3. Establish a foundation forthecourse by explaining thecommunication model using a transparency/slide. Ask questions of students
and get them involved in thepresentation.
4. Discuss theimportance of listening skills. Talk about thebarriers toeffective listening using a transparency/slide.
5. Present thetransparency/slide titled ―Ten Misconceptions About Listening.‖ In using thetransparency, be sure touse a piece of
paper or card toconceal the―facts‖ until you are ready topresent them.
6. Discuss ―How toBecome an Active Listener‖ using thetransparency/slide.
7. Outline thefacets of nonverbal communication and present tips forimproving nonverbal skills.
8. Discuss thepowerful effect that culture has on communication. Explain four key North American beliefs using a
transparency/slide. Compare these values with those of other cultures. Show thetransparency/slide titled ―Proverbs Reflect
Culture.‖ Encourage students tointerpret what theproverbs reveal about a culture and what is valued.
9. Consider discussing high-context and low-context cultures. Use thesupplementary lecture material and transparency/slide
provided.
10. Discuss how business people can improve communication with cross-cultural audiences.
11. Discuss ―Tips forEffective Communication with Diverse Workplace Audiences.‖
, Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be
categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which
simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership
income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when
dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole
proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported
on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly
impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-
member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be
reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it
relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common
deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible).
Note: Suggestions 12 through 16 cover features found in all chapters. Try toestablish a consistent routine forassigning and
discussing these items.
12. Assign selected end-of-chapter activities.
13. If time permits, assign each critical thinking question toa pair of students. One student reports, and theother student clarifies and
amplifies. A discussion guide forthecritical thinking questions follows.
14. Expect all students tocomplete thechapter review questions. These questions are provided simply toensure that students read
thechapter. Checking theanswers in class requires little time.
15. Assign theGrammar/Mechanics Checkup and Challenge. Answers tothecheckups are at theend of thetextbook. A solution
totheGrammar/Mechanics Challenge is available as a transparency master.
16. Consider showing theBridging theGap video case study, ―Diversity and Communication in Business: Hudson’s Department
Store.‖ Complete theassigned activity and discuss thequestions presented. Be sure touse theinstructor discussion guide, which
appears in this IM. It includes suggestions foruse, student tasks, and a complete discussion guide.
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be
categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which
simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership
income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when
dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole
proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported
on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly
impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-
member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be
reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it
relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common
deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible).
Transparency and
Slide Program*
Acetates
1.1 Facing Today’s Communication Challenges
1.2 Good Communication Skills
1.3 Trends in theNew Workplace
1.4 The Process of Communication
1.5 Barriers toEffective Listening
1.6 Ten Misconceptions About Listening
1.7 Ten Misconceptions About Listening (cont.)
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