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Bio 220 Exam 2 Study Guide GCU Questions and Answers
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Bio 220 Exam 2 Study Guide GCU Questions and Answers
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Bio 220 Exam 2 Study Guide GCUFactors that limit population size - Question and answersdisease, war, famine,
migration, high infant mortality, cultural factors (late marriage) etc.
Carrying Capacity - Question and answersnumber of organisms in a given species that
can be supported indefinitely
Malthus - Question and answersWrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population" 1798
-predicts population (exponential growth) will outgrow food supply (steady growth)--
environmental degradation
Demography - Question and answers-The scientific study of population ecology to the
study of humans
-Vital statistics: population size, structure, sex, age, BR, DR, migration
Crude Birth Rate - Question and answersnumber of births per year for every 1,000
people
Crude Death Rate - Question and answersnumber of deaths per year for every 1,000
people
Marx - Question and answersArgues population growth results from poverty and
resource depletion
Zero Population Growth - Question and answersoccurs when birth rate and death rate
are equal/stable
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - Question and answersestimated average number of children
a woman produces in her child bearing years
Replacement Fertility Rate - Question and answersnumber of offspring a couple
produces to replace themselves
Natural Growth Rate - Question and answersthe difference between the crude birthrate
and crude death rate (BR - DR)
Factors that affect life expectancy. - Question and answers-age
-healthcare/technology
-nutritious food
, -better sanitation
-awareness/availability of resources (health care)
Dependency Ratio - Question and answers-number of non-working compared to
working individuals in a population
-US concern: not enough incoming working class to replace retired
Poverty & Population Growth factors - Question and answers-higher poverty levels
equate to higher population growth
-economic development allows for population control (education in family planning &
access to resources)
Empowering women - Question and answers-education plays vital role in giving women
the power to make decisions regarding their lives and reproductive behavior.
-women make up 70% of poor and 64% of illiterate individuals in world population
Demographic Transition - Question and answers-model of economic and cultural
change to explain decline BR & DR in industrializing nations
-need for large families lessens with mortality
-focus is on quality of life
Less developed countries (LDC) - Question and answers-80% of world population
-account for 90% of projected growth (high birthrate)
-young, poor and rapidly growing
-Africa, Asia, Latin America
Most developed countries (MDC) - Question and answers-populations expected to
stabilize or decline
-wealthy, old, mostly shrinking
-average age: 40
-North America, Western Europe, Japan
Population Dynamics - Question and answers-study of how characteristics of a
population (i.e. BR/DR) can change in response to environmental conditions
-indicate fluctuation of population size
Factors of global population increase - Question and answers-high birth rate/low death
rate
-increased food supply & nutritional value
-medical access/medicine
-improved technology
(increased life expectancy)
reasons for projected increased growth rate in US - Question and answers-more
unmarried mothers
-higher fertility rate (racial groups apart from caucasian)
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