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PN 140 TEST 5 LATEST UPDATED
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PN 140 TEST 5 LATEST UPDATED...
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cirrhosis causes - ANSWER - alcohol- viral hepatitis (HepB, HepC)
Too much fat collecting in the liver (nonalcoholic): obese, hyperlipidemia,
diabetics
Problems with bile duct (carries bile from liver to small intestine): bile
stays in liver and damages cells
Autoimmune
What does the liver do? - ANSWER Takes substances in our blood and
metabolizes and detoxifies them
along with storing and producing substances to help with digestion,
clotting, and immune health
hepatic portal vein - ANSWER delivers unoxyginated blood full of
nutrients to liver ex:lipids, proteins, carbs, GLUCOSE
The organs connected to the hepatic portal vein are:
small/large intestine, pancreas, spleen, stomach
Hepatic artery - ANSWER delivers rich oxygenate blood that just came
from the heart to the liver,
but it's poor in nutrients.
kupffer cells - ANSWER macrophages that cleanse the blood coming
from the hepatic portal vein and artery
,removes bacteria, debris, parasites, old RBCs
break down the hemoglobin into heme and globin groups.
bile - ANSWER A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat
essential for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. vitamin A, D, E, and
K
Hepatocytes - ANSWER performing bile production, metabolism,
storage, conjugating bilirubin, and detoxification
metabolize heme into iron and bilirubin
liver metabolizing glucose - ANSWER excessive amounts will be
synthesized and stored as glycogen AND converts glycogen into
glucose when blood glucose levels are low to increase sugar levels
(monitor blood glucose...in cirrhosis the liver can't synthesize glycogen
properly and store it, so more hangs out in the blood, leading to
hyperglycemia)
(in cirrhosis, if the patient is sick or not eating the liver is unable to
convert the glycogen to glucose so the patient can have episode of
hypoglycemia)
liver metabolizes Lipids and Proteins - ANSWER converts ammonia into
urea which is then excreted via the urine
Urea is much less toxic to the brain that ammonia
(This doesn't happen in cirrhosis which is why the patient will have neuro
change, asterixis, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY)
Storage in liver - ANSWER Stores vitamins (vitamin B12, A, E, D, and K)
and minerals along with IRON and GLYCOGEN.
bile is essential for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
, In cirrhosis, bile production is impaired which will lead to decreased
absorption and storage of those fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E,
and K)
billirubin in cirrhosis - ANSWER hepatocytes metabolize heme into iron
and bilirubin.
The bilirubin is put into the bile and leaves via the stool
In cirrhosis, the hepatocytes are damaged and CAN'T do this so the
hepatocytes leak bilirubin in the blood as the levels increase it is found in
urine
leading to jaundice
Liver production of blood plasma proteins - ANSWER albumin
(maintains oncotic pressure and water regulation within the interstitial
tissue)
fibrinogen, prothrombin (aids in clotting)
Liver detoxifying - ANSWER makes drugs less harmful to the body
(sedatives & Tylenol )
removes toxins from the body (alcohol) and hormones produced by our
glands
estrogen is metabolized in the liver
gynecomastia - ANSWER development of breast tissue in males
when estrogen isnt able to be metabolized in liver because of cirrhosis
Estrogen not being metabolized can lead to - ANSWER gynecomastia
itchy red palms
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