Concepts 6222 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
science, lawful relations - Answer-__ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is
an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in __ to other events (Skinner, 1953,
p.6)."
evidence - Answer-Being scientif...
psychophysical parallelism - Answer✔✔-While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are
mental states, they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and was
once referred to as __
mentalistic, explanatory - Answer✔✔-In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to
suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled
conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion.
His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both __ and __ fictions
debilitating - Answer✔✔-The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival
of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve
no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - Answer✔✔-Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the process of
__ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism
within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never
fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - Answer✔✔-According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have
an edge over contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __
and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be
manipulated".
ontogeny - Answer✔✔-is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - Answer✔✔-is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire species.
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