types of learning
learning systematic relatively permanent change
:
,
in behavior that occurs
through experience
behaviorism theory
: of focuses
learning that only servable behaviors
on &
from behavioral (observable standpoint
psychologists who study learning a
describe
learning as stable observable
changes in behavior since behaviorism
doesn't look at what is
going on inside the person's head (thought &
process
internal debates/struggles . behaviorism also maintains the same ideas &
principles between humans & animals (monkeys ,
cats ,
etc)
ty pes of learning
-
:
↳ associative
learning
organism makes association/connection
between 2 events which leads to
conditioning (process of learning these associations)
2 types of conditioning
-
I classical
conditioning
association between I stimuli which leads to learningto anticipate
these events
ex .
we
lightening anticipate thunder
↳ operant
conditioning
association between behavior &
consequence/reward which leads to
increasing behaviors that are followed by rewards ,
vice versa
ex .
studying harder - higher test score
& observational learning
organism observes & imitates anothers' behavior It's diff from associative .
because it relies on muntal processes (pay attention remember reproduce , ,
observational especially important for humans because it's the main
is way
that infants learn human infants rely more heavily on imitation
.
than baby monkeys. after watching a model preform a task,
the monkey will figure out its own way to do it but the infant
will copy the model exactly
, 6 2 . classical conditioning
2 stimuli that leads to
classical
conditioning
to anticipate these events.
: association between
learning
Neutral stimulus becomes associated with a
meaningful stimulus & elicits a similar response
ex .
Bob is in the shower when his wife flushes the toilet & the water
burns him , he learns to step
. next time out of the water when she
flushes. neutral stimulus (sound of toilet flushing) becomes associated
stimulus (pain from hot water * elicits a similar
with a
meaningful
response (panic
Karlov's
studies
he was studying digestion would put meat powder in their mouths which
with
dogs
&
caused them to drool Parlov noticed this but it wasn't.
just the food that
them brought
made salivate; the door
opening/closing when food was & the sight
of the people who the food also caused the
brought same response the dog's .
association of these with food is classical This behavior was from
things conditioning .
both learnedI unlearned components the unlearned part .
is from reflexes that
are inborn/innate.
·
unconditioned Stimulus (US) -
stimulus that produces response without prior
learning
·
unconditioned response (UR) -
unlearned reaction that is automatic response to US
.
UR are involuntary .(dog's drooling in response to food is UR) reflex
·
conditioned stimulus (CS) -
stimulus that used to be neutral but eventually elicits a
conditioned response after being paired with US.
conditioned response (CR) learned response to CS that happens after CS-US
pairing CR
· -
a .
usually weaker than UR
is
Pavlov started ringing a bell before the
dog food. before this the bell
giving , was
had effect the but eventually the the
a neutral stimulus & no on
dog dog associated
bell food the bell became CS the after the became CR
dog drooling bell
with .
& .
salivates
tog
8 W
bell food - salivates bell # salivates
Al 8 +
US O
Uro 00 08
1/
o! G
III
In
+ g
G
M
8 X ⑧
8 j
. no neutral
J
X neutral A salivation
+ US >
-
UR
CS
·
response - CR
bell stimulus
response
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