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BTZ Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Tuskegee Airmen (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-In 1941, FRD directed the Army Air Corps to accept African
Americans into aviation cadet training.
-On 27 Jan 1944, over Anzio, these pilots from the 99th Fighter Squadron flew obsolete P-40s, and
downed 9 superior Focke-Wulf 190s.
-The 332d Fighter Group shot down 111 enemy aircraft in air-to-air combat, losing 66 of their own
aircraft to all causes, including 7 shot down.
Flying Tigers (Air War in the Pacific, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-The US's 1st combat experience before the
declaration of war.
Claire Lee Chennault organized the US volunteer group, to aid Nationalist China against Japanese
Invaders.
-Famous for shark mouths painted on their Curtis P-40 Warhawks, they had an impressive 286 confirmed
victories, losing only 12 pilots, before disbanding in July 1942.
18 April 1942 (Air War in the Pacific, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--The Doolittle Raid
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Lt Col James "Jimmy" Doolittle led 16 North American B-25 Mitchell med bombers, launching from the
USS Hornet, in a bombing raid on various targets in Tokyo, Kobe, and Nagoya.
-Inflicted little damage, but the gesture shocked Japanese military leaders.
-In May 1942, Doolittle received the Medal of Honor and promotion to Brigadier General.
James Foley (Air War in the Pacific, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--He never received aerial training, but
volunteered as a gunner and was assigned to a B-26 Crew.
-On his 1st mission, he shot down at least 1 Japanese enemy aircraft.
-Nicknamed "Johnny Zero", and subject of a popular song, "Johnny got a Zero."
-Decorated a total of 8 times for heroism.
6 August 1945 (Air War in the Pacific, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--The 1st Atomic Bomb
Col Paul Tibbets piloted the Enola Gay which dropped a uranium bomb, known as "Little Boy," over
Hiroshima.
The bomb destroyed nearly 5 sq. miles of the city, killing 80,000 people.
9 August 1945 (Air War in the Pacific, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--The 2nd Atomic Bomb
The B-29 Bockstar, commanded by Maj Charles Sweeney, released a plutonium bomb called "Fat Man"
on Nagasaki.
-The bomb devastated 1.5 sq. miles, killed 35,000, and injured 60,000 people.
National Security Act of 1947 (AF Independence & the Cold War, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--On 26 July
1947, President Truman signed this act, which provided for a separate Department of the Air Force.
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Air Force Birthday (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-18 September 1947
1st Secretary of the Air Force (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-Stuart Symington, he officially established the
USAF as an independent, coequal service.
General Carl Spaatz (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-1st AF Chief of Staff in 1947
-nicknamed "Tooey", was a WWII general. As commander of Strategic Air Forces in Europe in 1944, he
successfully pressed for the bombing of the enemy's oil production facilities as a priority over other
targets.
-Oversaw the final strategic bombing campaign against Japan (including the atomic attacks)
-He and his successor, Gen. Hoyt Vandenburg clarified AF roles and missions and organized to meet the
challenges of the Cold War.
The Berlin Airlift (AF Independence & the Cold War, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔--On 24 June 1948, the
Soviets blockaded railroad and road corridors serving the 2.5 mil. residents of West Berlin.
-Commander Gen. Lemay organized a makeshift of food, medicine, and coal.
-On 15 April 1949, 1,398 aircraft delivered a 1-day record of 12,941 tons of supplies.
-By 1949, the Soviets acknowledged the airlift's success and lifted the blockade.
-Operations VITTLES tallied 277,804 flights delivering 2.3 million tons of supplies.
Chuck Yeager (AF Independence & the Cold War, AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-On 14 October 1947, he
seized headlines as the 1st man to break the sound barrier.
-His Bell X-1 "Glamorous Glennis" reached Mach 1.06 at 43,000 ft after a launch from a B-29 Mothership.
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Cuban Missile Crisis (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-In October 1962, the Kennedy Administration faced its
most serious foreign policy crisis.
-Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev saw an opportunity to strengthen the relationship between the Soviet
Union and Fidel Castro's Cuba and make good its promise to defend Cuba from the United States.
-This Crisis brought the US and the SU dangerously close to nuclear war.
Duane Hackney (AF Heritage) - Answer✔✔-An AF Pararescueman, who was the most decorated enlisted
man in USAF history and earned more than 70 awards and decorations in all.
-He served from 1965 to 1991, retiring as a Chief.
-With complete disregard for his own welfare, He removed his parachute and placed it on the survivor.
-A recipient of the Air Force Cross, he was the 1st living enlisted man to receive the medal, and at the
time of its award he was its youngest recipient.
TSgt John Chapman (Current Events) - Answer✔✔--Posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor
-The 1st airman to receive the nation's highest award for valor for actions since the Vietnam War.
-The video of an MQ-1 Predator flying above the battlefield allowed a closer analysis of hiscactions at
Takur Ghar, and was a key piece of evidence in the Air Force's effort to upgrade his Air Force Cross to a
Medal of Honor.
-He was shot and lost consciousness, but despite his wounds, he woke up a few minutes later and
resumed fighting for about an hour.
General Hap Arnold (AF Exemplars) - Answer✔✔--Generally recognized as the father of the modern AF,
commanding the US Army Air Forces during WWII.
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