Canadian Income Taxation, 2023/2024:
a a a
Planning and Decision Making26a a a a
th Edition a
By William Buckwold
a a
Complete Chapter Solutions Manualar
a a a a
e included (Ch 1 to 23)
a a a a a
** Immediate Download
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** Swift Response
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** All Chapters included
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, Buckwold,aKitunen,aRomanaandaIqbal,aCanadianaIncomeaTaxation,a2023-
2024aEd.
CHAPTERa1
TAXATION―aITSaROLEaINaBUSINESSaDECISIONaMAKING
ReviewaQuestions
1. Ifaincomeataxaisaimposedaafteraprofitsahaveabeenadetermined,awhyaisataxationarelevantatoa
businessadecisionamaking?
2. Mostabusinessadecisionsainvolveatheaevaluationaofaalternativeacoursesaofaaction.aForaexa
mple,aaamarketingamanageramayabearesponsibleaforachoosingaaastrategyaforaestablishinga
salesainanewageographicalaterritories.aBrieflyaexplainahowatheataxafactoracanabeaanaintegrala
partaofathisadecision.
3. Whataareatheafundamentalavariablesaofatheaincomeataxasystemathatadecision-
makersashouldabeafamiliarawithasoathatatheyacanaapplyataxaissuesatoatheiraareasaofarespons
ibility?
4. Whataisaana“after-tax”aapproachatoadecisionamaking?
. 1
InstructoraSolutionsaManualaChapteraOne
, Buckwold,aKitunen,aRomanaandaIqbal,aCanadianaIncomeaTaxation,a2023-
2024aEd.
SolutionsatoaReviewaQuestions
R1-
1aOnceaprofitaisadetermined,atheaIncomeaTaxaActadeterminesatheaamountaofaincomeataxath
ataresults.aHowever,aataallalevelsaofamanagement,aalternativeacoursesaofaactionaareaevalua
ted.aInamanyacases,atheachoiceaofaoneaalternativeaoveratheaotheramayaaffectabothatheaamount
aandatheatimingaofafutureataxesaonaincomeageneratedafromathataactivity.aTherefore,atheapers
onamakingathoseadecisionsahasaaadirectainputaintoafutureaafter-
taxacashaflow.aObviously,adecisionsathatareduceaorapostponeatheapaymentaofataxaaffectathe
aultimateareturnaonainvestmentaand,ainaturn,atheavalueaofatheaenterprise.aIncludingatheataxav
ariableaasaaapartaofatheaformaladecisionaprocessawillaultimatelyaleadatoaimprovedaafter-
taxacashaflow.
R1-
2aExpansionacanabeaachievedainanewageographicaareasathroughadirectaselling,aorabyaestab
lishingaaaformalapresenceainatheanewaterritoryawithaaabranchaofficeaoraaaseparateacorporatio
n.aTheanewaterritoriesamayaalsoacrossaprovincialaorainternationalaboundaries.aProvincialainc
omeataxaratesavaryaamongstatheaprovinces.aTheaamountaofaincomeathataisasubjectatoataxain
atheanewaprovinceawillabeadifferentaforaeachaofatheathreeaalternativesamentionedaabove.aFor
aexample,awithadirectaselling,anoneaofatheaincomeaisataxedainatheanewaprovince,abutawithaaas
eparateacorporation,aallaofatheaincomeaisataxedainatheanewaprovince.aBecauseatheataxacostai
sadifferentainaeachacase,ataxationaisaaarelevantapartaofatheadecisionaandamustabeaincludedaina
anyacost-benefitaanalysisathatacomparesatheathreeaalternativesa[Reg.a400-402.1].
R1-
3aAabasicaunderstandingaofatheafollowingavariablesawillasignificantlyastrengthenaaadecisiona
maker'saabilityatoaapplyataxaissuesatoatheiraareaaofaresponsibility.
TypesaofaIncome -
Employment,aBusiness,aProperty,aCapitalagainsaTa
xableaEntities - Individuals,aCorporations,aTrusts
AlternativeaBusiness -
Corporation,aProprietorship,aPartnership,aLimitedaStr
uctures partnership,aJointaarrangement,aIncomeatrust
TaxaJurisdictions - Federal,aProvincial,aForeign
R1-
4aAllacashaflowadecisions,awhetherarelatedatoarevenues,aexpenses,aassetaacquisitionsaoradi
vestitures,aoradebtaandaequityarestructuring,awillaimpactatheaamountaandatimingaofatheataxac
ost.aTherefore,acashaflowaexistsaonlyaonaanaafterataxabasis,aand,atheataxaimpactsawhetheraora
notatheaultimatearesultaofatheadecisionaisasuccessful.aAnaafter-taxaapproachatoadecision-
makingarequiresaeachadecision-makeratoathinka"after-
tax"aforaeveryadecisionaatatheatimeatheadecisionaisabeingamade,aand,atoaconsideraalternative
acoursesaofaactionatoaminimizeatheataxacost,ainatheasameawayathatadecisionsaareamadearega
rdingaotheratypesaofacosts.
Failurea toa applya ana after-
taxa approacha ata thea timea thata decisionsa area madea maya provideainaccurateainformationafor
aevaluation,aand,aresultainaaapermanentlyainefficientataxastructure.
, Buckwold,aKitunen,aRomanaandaIqbal,aCanadianaIncomeaTaxation,a2023-
2024aEd.
CHAPTERa1
. 2
InstructoraSolutionsaManualaChapteraOne