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HTHSCI 3I03: Innate Immunity questions with correct answers
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HTHSCI 3I03: Innate Immunity questions with correct answers
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1 of 82Term
How do eosinophils kill?
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Immune cells follow chemotactic trails. They follow the gradient, moving to the
highest concentration of chemokines.
Leukocytes have receptors for soluble factors and move with those receptors in
the front, leading the way.
, Eosinophils primarily release their contents into their environment.
Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is a potent killer that pokes holes in the cell
membrane of parasites.
However, they are also capable of phagocytosis.
A vaccine is an artificial infection that is meant to activate B cells and T-cells to
induce immunological memory
- Based on the nature of local inflammation, there is huge variability in the
longevity of the memory of the immune system
Selectins are a type of addressin that are mainly expressed on endothelial cells.
They bind carbohydrates and initiate the leukocyte-endothelial interaction.
Because the interaction is weak, it allows leukocytes to roll along the vascular
endothelial surface
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2 of 82
Term
What are the key functions of innate immunity?
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- Involved in removing aged, damaged, or apoptotic cells
- Process and present antigens to T cells (inducing adaptive immunity)
- Secrete cytokines that play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity
- Essential for tissue repair and remodeling
, Intrinsic barrier of innate - No tissue damage
Immediate innate immune response - Very minor tissue damage with immediate
repair
Early induced innate immune response - Minor tissue damage that is soon
repaired
Late adaptive immune response - Major tissue damage, which may have
consequences, with gradual repair
1. Intrinsic barrier - To prevent attachment and/or entry of pathogenic
microbes into the host epithelial cells, while allowing growth of beneficial
microbes
2. Immediate innate response - To recognize, control and eliminate
pathogenic microbes at the site of entry
3. Early induced innate response - To induce inflammation and bring extra
help to the site of infection
4. To orchestrate an appropriate and measured adaptive immune response
Spontaneously perform cell-death induction through recognizing and targeting
aberrant cells (mistakes)
- virally infected cells
- malignant (tumor) cells
- antibody-coated cells
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3 of 82
Term
What are the main types of ICAMs and VCAMs (Ig Family)? Where
are they found?
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, ICAM-1 (CD54) - found in activated endothelium. Ligand is LFA-1 and Mac1
ICAM-2 (CD102) - found in resting endothelium and DCs. Ligand is LFA-1
VCAM-1 (CD106) - found in activated endothelium. Ligand is VLA-4
PECAM (CD31) - found in activated leukocytes and at endothelial cell-cell
junctions. Ligand is CD31L
MBL is a PRR that recognizes mannose (unique arrangement of sugars) on the
surface of the cell with high affinity
- Mannose is not present in humans
- MBL has 2-6 clusters of carbohydrate-recognition domains
Intrinsic barrier of innate - No tissue damage
Immediate innate immune response - Very minor tissue damage with immediate
repair
Early induced innate immune response - Minor tissue damage that is soon
repaired
Late adaptive immune response - Major tissue damage, which may have
consequences, with gradual repair
- Specificity is inherited in the genome
- Expressed by all cells of a particular type (e.g. macrophages)
- Triggers immediate response
- Recognizes broad classes of pathogens
- Interacts with a range of molecular structures of a given type
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