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PHAR 100 Final exam questions and answers 2025.
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PHAR 100 Final exam questions and answers 2025.
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PHAR 100 Final exam questionsand answers 2025
Path of drug from when it enters to exits the body - answer 1.
Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - answer the movement of the drug from the site of
administration into the bloodstream
Distribution - answer the movement of a drug from the blood to
the site of action and other tissues
Metabolism - answer the conversion of a drug to a different
chemical compound.
Excretion - answer moving of the drug and its metabolites out of
the body
Routes of drug administration - answer 1. Topical
- On the skin
-Transdermal
-Inhalation
2. Enteral
-Oral
-Suppository
,-Buccal
3.Parenteral
-IV
-IM
-Subcutaneous
Why and how do adverse drug reactions occur? - answer Example:
a receptor is activated in a blood vessel by a drug designed to treat
hypertension. The rector is activated by the ligand that is bound to
it, and the blood pressure is lowered. However, this receptor may
located in other areas of the body. The subsequent activation of this
receptor in other areas of the body is an example of an adverse
effect.
Adverse effects - answer 1. Extension of therapeutic effect
2. Unrelated to main drug action
3. Allergic reaction
4. Dependence and addiction
5. Teratogenesis
6. Adverse biotransformation reactions
Why does drug variability exist - answer 1. Genetic Factors
2. Environmental factors
3. Diseased states (cardiovascular or kidney disease for example)
4. Altered Physiological state
-pregnant or elderly
5. Other drugs present (competition)
, The process of developing a new drug - answer 1. Pre-clinical
testing
-safety and potential efficacy in lab animals
2. Phase I Clinical Trial
-safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers
3. Phase II
-effectiveness and safety in a small number of patients
4. Phase III
-effectiveness and safety in a large number of patients
5. Phase IV
-post market surveillance for adverse effects and safety
How do drugs restore/modify the normal function of the nervous
system? - answer Drugs can restore the normal function of the
nervous system through re-uptake of neurotransmitters by post-
synaptic neurons. An example of this would be taking an SSRI for
depression.
Drugs can also modify the function of the nervous system through
disturbing the natural concentrations of neurotransmitters through
illicit and/or prescribed drug use. An example of this would be
taking a narcotic analgesic such as morphine to relieve post-op
pain.
What properties of a substance contribute to abuse and
dependence? - answer 1. Tolerance
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